Ethnic groups Essay Example for Free

Ethnic groups EssayHistorical descriptions of ethnic groups be normally aimed at establishing certain regulation of perception and interpretation and as well at as clarifying racial differences and peculiarities. On the other hand, the essays, written by the representatives of American nation, sometimes prominently demonstrate biased attitude towards the archetypical otherness. In Gjerdes book one can find the extracts from historical documents, addressing such ethnic groups as Chinese, Mexicans and Hindu.Due to the fact that East Asian immigrants deprived Americans of their work in food production at the beginning of the 20th century, the statement about their crime doesnt seem surprising. The earlier documents assume that Chinese lifestyle is unacceptable for American citizens, due to their immoral beliefs and convictions in family as a basis of rifle society. Moreover, such nominal households are viewed as pathology there are apparently few families living as such, with legitimate children (p. 276). Furthermore, J.Blaine argues that Chinese should not be regarded as Christians, as their patterns of mixer life tremendously differ from those of European immigrants, who seek to settle down and begin family life in the U. S. His arguments seem quite ridiculous for a modern reader You cannot work a man who must have beef and bread, alongside of a man, who can live on sift (p. 277). In 1911, the Asiatic Exclusion league held that Asian immigrants experienced troubles getting along with local communities and integrating into American society.It is important to keep in sound judgement that multiculturalism arose in the U. S. comparatively not long ago, so the beginning of the 20th century was definitely a period of racial discrimination for instance, Asians (Chinese, Hindu and Japanese) were supercharged with their religious beliefs and the extrapolation of their understanding of worship and spirituality onto the Christian land, where they erected the y pagan shrines and arranged rituals, which offended contemporary moral tradition.European immigrants, in turn, are portrayed as individuals with low intelligence and poor morality, especially Polish Jews, who adopted American names, but belonged to the distinct religious groups and seemed dangerous due to their craftiness (Levin, 1997). The ex-Europeans are shown analogous to Caliban, the mythological monster due to the domination of Lombrosos criminological physiognomy, they are regarded as dangerous given their appearance, including large stature and poor active dictionary, which seems an forefinger of mental tardiness.That the Mediterranean peoples are morally below the melts of Northern Europe is as certain as any social fact. Even when they were dirty, ferocious barbarians, these blonds were truthtellers in-migration officials find that the different peoples are as day and night in point of veracity, and report vast trouble in extracting the truth from certain bronzed nat ionalities (p. 285). Even the closest siblings of Americans, the British, are also described as narrow-minded people, who have no ambitions or aspirations (Levin, 1997, Fraser, 1995).Mexican immigrants are depicted by Mr. boxful as impulsive individuals, whose blood contain the mixture of Mediterranean, Spanish and Indian genes and, moreover, mixed with Negroes and mulattos and therefore can be considered an inferior race that lacks more or less established traditions and common sense. In addition, the author indicates that Mexicans are illiterate and negligent in terms of basic sanitary and hygiene and therefore are particularly exposed to viral diseases.Crime and pauperism are also attributed to this ethnic group, as Mexicans have exceptionally rush and impetuous natures and are therefore predisposed to serious deviance and disobedience. The case known as Thind v. United States conceptualizes the meaning of race and distinguishes between ethnic groups in order to draw the most c orrect definition of American as a representative of the nation.Race as a legal term is addressed through the descriptions of certain groups, which get common characteristics, in addition, the paper recognizes that Americans, Hindu and Caucasians have common ancestor, whereas there is a notable diversity in terms of appearance. The paper nonetheless takes racist approach to nativism and indicates that Hindu immigrants cannot be viewed as native Americans in any case, as they inherit their ethnic characteristics, whereas French, german and British immigrants easily assimilate into American nation and therefore can be regarded as free whites.John Highman, analyzing the document, claims that racial nativism is a historically controversial issue given the complicated social and political development of the United States the notion or race and the moral evaluation of racial characteristics are completely determined by contemporary attitudes towards respective(a) cultural groups. In ad dition, the methodological problems underlies in the gradual modification of public understanding of race, whose original indicator was skin color when the first scholars were attempting to identify and define the racial constructs.Such pragmatic and oversimplified approach was to great extent convenient in the period of colonization, as they allowed literally making difference between aliens and peers and sustain Christian high quality in the country. The epoch of Romanticism was marked with the so-called Anglo-Saxonism, which pointed to the uniqueness of race, especially Anglo-Saxon derivation, appealing to psychology and emotional intelligence.Natura tilts, on the blow sought to identify the similarities of external appearance skin color, stature and skull form. Quite commonly, the school associated physical with cultural differences and displayed, in doing so, a feeling of white superiority over colored race. On the whole, however, the leading scientific thinkers did not reg ard race differences as permanent, pure and unalterable (p. 293).The natural scientists addressed the notion of heredity and further gave birth to eugenics, the science about artificial selection and resulted in the numerous immigration restrictions, primarily because of the belief in the inheritance of personality traits, which, as one can conclude from historical documents were stigmatized as unacceptable practically in relations to each immigrant group. At the same time, Ripley, an anthropologist, after studying the traits and characteristics of European population, categorized Europeans into three groups Teutonic, Mediterranian and Alphine.Due to the scientific enlightenment, the final historical event that resulted in the definition of free white American was Grants study, which suggested the domination of Anglo-Saxon group and implied the acceptance of European ethnic groups, proved as racially and genetically close to Americans. Haney-Lopez provides a brief historical overv iew of the Thinds and Ozawas cases and shows the so-called societal pressure upon the Courts decision even though Thind unquestionably was Caucasian (the descendant of white race), he wasnt determine as free white, because of commonly shared standard of whiteness, which he failed to fit into.In Ozawas case, the Court simply pointed to the plaintiffs Mongolian origin and rejected the color test only because of the dominant position of whiteness-oriented religious values, which were likely to be challenged through overlapping of races(p. 301). When Thind required naturalization, the disfavour attitude towards Hindu ethnic group became a considerable obstacle, whereas scientific facts showed that his petition should have been satisfied, but the verdict referred to the opinion of average man.This means, the issue of race is not purely physiological or psychological, but refers more to the multifaceted social construct, which, as it has been noted, relates to the perception of othernes s. In fact, if the Court had naturalized Thind, numerous political changes should have been introduced, such as wage norms and labor standards for Hindu, so the judicial body acted in favor of government political course.Reference listLevin, M. (1997).Why Race Matters Race Differences and What They Mean (Human organic evolution, Behavior, and Intelligence). Praeger. Fraser, S. (1995). The bell curve wars race, intelligence, and the future of America. New York BasicBooks. Gjerde. Racialization of Immigrants, 1880-1930, pp. 275-290. Highman, J. The Evolution of Thought on Race and the Development of Scientific Racism. In Gjerde, pp. 291-298 Haney-Lopez, I. The Evolution of Legal Constructions of Race and Whiteness. In Gjerde, pp. 298-305

Character Development in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

Character Development in Mark Twains The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn EssayWriters unremarkably make use of and incorporate au sotic literary elements into their novels in order to make character development possible. literary elementsConflict, Theme, and Symbolismwere employed by Twain, Austen, and Potok in varying levels as well as executed using their own literary styles and techniques in order to show the characters development and growth throughout the novels. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, Huck braved that eras social conventions (including his own personal prejudices) by associating with a black man and later helping that person escape from slavery. Jane Austens Emma is a lighthearted story about a young womans disastrous foray into the pursuit of romantic matchmaking. It shows how Emmas false presumptions can conflict with the real intentions of the people whose lives she meddles with, and how her ill-conceived actions can create unfavor able results. In Chaim Potoks My Name is Asher Lev, the young man, Asher, was embroiled in the clash between his passion and the sensibilities of his family and religious congregation. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn presents social conditions and attitudes during the late 1800s in America, particularly that towards racism. It chronicles the adventures and misadventures of Huck wherein he faces numerous moral and ethical plights. And just like Twains novel, Austens Emma is a study on the sensibilities and social norms of her time. It break ups the story of Emma, a prosperous and beautiful girl with a lot of idle time on her hands. Although she lives a trouble-free life, it is uneventful and devoid of excitementshe is a woman, hence, she has no square career prospects. But then Emma discovers that she has a knack for matching couples.She discovers that this endeavor provides her with great amusement so she goes off pairing up the people somewhat her. Lastly, Asher, in My Name is Asher Lev, struggles as he is confronted by two cultural influencesthat of the Orthodox Jewish subculture that he grew up in, and that of the pervasive, secular Western culture. He is presented with the dilemma of choosing between art and his religion. Just like Hucks and Emmas stories, Ashers story chronicles his quest for truth and self-discovery. Many authors use the element of conflict to bring about and affirm certain facets of a protagonists character. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck faces the conflict between the societys expectations and what his conscience tells him is right when he is given the opportunity to help Jim, a black man, escape. He struggles to suck beyond the black stereotypewhat the society has taught him to be right. In the end, Huck chooses to follow what his conscience dictatesthat Jim is a human being who deserves the same rights as everybody else. He admits about Jim I do believe he cared just as much for his people as white folks does fo r theirn (Twain, 1999, p. 141). In the end, Huck developed a pure, undiscriminating sense of morality that many people of that era did not posses. In the novel Emma, the conflict lies in Emmas inability to examine the true desires and intentions of the people just about her, including her own. Emma does not image this, and fancies herself as a good matchmaker, and as Austen describes in one episode, Emma was amusing herself in the consideration of the blunders which very much arise from a partial knowledge of circumstances, of the mistakes which people of high pretensions to judgment are for ever falling into (Austen, 2003, p. 89).Ironically, what Emma thinks of other people (as evinced in the previous sentence), actually applies to her. In the end, Emma realizes that its no good making decisions for others and manipulating their lives because only they know and at that placefore should decide whats best for them. This discovery also leads her to mature and develop emotionally , and in the end, makes her realize what her heart truly desires. In his novel, My Name is Asher Lev, Potok portrays the kind of pain and emotional anguish one can carry when one chooses to embrace those things that come in conflict with ones upbringing and religious ideologies. In a lecture wherein he reveals the analysis to his novels, which included My Name is Asher Lev, Potok states Ideas from this secular demesne inevitably impinge upon an somebody born in a church community or a synagogue community, especially when that individual embarks on a college experience (Potok, 1896, par. 7).As a young boy, Asher tries to break free from the conservative Hasidic community that shuns the very thing that he was passionate aboutart. However, his dream is met with condemnation from almost everyone around him, including his family.The following litany succinctly expresses the kind of backlash and emotional turmoil this conflict has brought upon him So strong words are being written and sp oken about me I am a traitor, an apostate, a self-hater, an inflicter of shame upon my family, my friends, my people also, I am a mocker of ideas sacred to Christians (Potok, 2003, p. 3). Another point of conflict deals with Ashers family relationship with his father. Amidst the weight of the conflict bearing down on him, Asher chooses his own path and tries to discover his own truths. By confronting these issues, he grows as a human being, artistically and emotionally. One dominant theme in the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is that of racism and slavery. The novel is set in a time where blacks are considered to be no much than property. As the story develops, so does Hucks character and value-system.Eschewing the societal and cultural norms of the time, he adopts a different moral outlook towards the people around him, especially when he decides to help a black man escape from slavery. In a climactic episode, Huck writes a letter to Miss Watson, Jims owner, to tell he r where Jim was, but then tears up the letter and says to himself All right then, Ill go to hell (Twain, 1999, p. 193)here, he finally decides to ignore social convention and help Jim. mating is a major theme in the novel, Emma. In the 1800s, marriage was one of the most important concerns for women, especially since they were financially dependent on men and could not have their own careers. Emma takes this into consideration when planning her match-ups and decides on unions which will yield the best material benefit for both parties. However, Emma eschews the idea of marriage for herselfwhen her father tells her not to do any more match-making, Emma replies I promise you to make none for myself, papa but I must, indeed, for other people. It is the greatest amusement in the world (Austen, 2003, p. 10). But in the end, she realizes that she too can fall in love, after all. One important theme in My Name is Asher Lev is that of Individualism. This was explored in the context of Ashe rs insubstantial struggle to assert his identity in an environment that rejects the very thing that makes him stand out. When an uncle compares his work that of Chagall, he replies No, my name is Asher Lev (Potok, 2003, p. 313). Asher is a visionary and has prodigious characterisation skills, but he is pressured to conform to the conventions of his society. He tries to discover his role as an artist and reconcile it with his faiththis paves the way to his personal development, not to mention the actualisation of his gifts significance. In Twains novel, the Mississippi river figures greatly in the story. It is used to symbolize life the rivers ebbs and flowsits movementshows the ever-changing nature of life. The changing tides causes Huck and Jim to come in hint with different people and situations. It represents mans capacity to changethe same way Hucks attitude and personality changed to embrace the greater morality regarding human existence. Its also a typic representation of freedomin the confines of the raft, they are safe. They are in a world where laws do not apply, far from the reaches of society. Huck says We said there warnt no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft dont. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft (Twain, 1999, p. 107). In Emma, charades and word games are symbolic of the misunderstandings in the story. The same way that its hard to guess the intimations and desires of the other characters in the novel, word games are meant to be elusiveone can easily go scathe and perceive a totally different meaning. In a gathering, Frank makes words for the ladies to decode, but each lady attaches different interpretations to them.Such is Emmas situation she does not perceive everyones feelings correctly so she makes a lot of false assumptions. This is more evident when she tries to hook-up Harriet and Mr. Eltonshe construes Mr. Eltons words and actions as proofs of his adulation for Harriet, when in fact it is Emma the he is evoke in. When she finds out, she woefully reflects The pictureHow eager he had been about the pictureand the charadeand an hundred other circumstanceshow clearly they had seemed to point at Harriet (Austen, 2003, p. 106). Symbolism, particularly those in paintings, also plays a significant part in the novel, My Name is Asher Lev. Paintings were used to convey the abstract and intangible Asher said I worked for what? How could I explain it? For looker? No, Many of the pictures I painted were not beautiful. For what, then? For a truth I did not know how to put in words. For a truth I could only bring to life by means of colour and line and texture and form (Potok, 2003, p. 369) In his controversial painting, Asher uses the crucifiction scene as a symbolism of his mothers sufferings, much to the chagrin of his religious community. But even with all the antagonism towards art, he feels that painting was but a natural way to express his feelings. Literary elements give writers the means to project the qualities as well as develop the personalities of their characters. All protagonists in the aforementioned books were presented with points of conflict that each of them must address and moot with. Various symbolic representations, those that attribute certain intangible meanings to things, events, and other sensuous manifestations, were also utilized in order to highlight the protagonists personal issues and struggles. Thematic concepts tell what the stories are about and help reveal how each character progresses.ReferencesAusten, J. (2003). Emma. New York Oxford University Press.Potok, C. (2003). My name is Asher Lev. New York Random House.Potok, C. (1986). On being proud of uniqueness. (J. Gladson, Ed.) In La Sierra University website. Retrieved July 24, 2006, from http//www.lasierra.edu/ballen/potok/Potok. unique.html.Twain, M. (1999). The adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York Oxford University Press.

Volkswagens International Marketing Strategy

Volkswagens International Marketing StrategyCompanys snapshotVolkswagen is a German automobile company. It operates as a manufacturer and distributor of automobile parts in the Global automotive industry. One of its subsidiaries is the Volkswagen of America that is based in United States. The Groups principal activities are to design, manufacture and distribution of cars and other vehicles worldwide. These activities are carried out through two divisions Namely Automobile and financial services. The Automobile division involves development of vehicles and engines, as well as the production and sale of passenger cars, commercial vehicles, trucks and buses. The Financial division involves dealer and customer financing, leasing, Banking and insurance services, rentals and fleet management.Overview of Volkswagen Group of CompaniesIt leads the continent as the Europes number one car maker. The Companys major(ip) production line entangle Volkswagen Passenger car, Audi, SEAT, Skoda, Lamb orghini, Bugatti and Bentley ranges of vehicles. The Companys major emphasis is on increasing its focus on onus business, profitability and reducing the production cost. In order to achieve this it is considering divesture of non core business segments and adapting many a(prenominal) Modular strategies in the process of production and mental home of new models.Company at a GlanceMajor Industry self-propelled Industry.Sub IndustryDiversified Automotive Mfrs.2008 Sales113,808,000,000 (Year Ending Jan 2009).Employees357,207.Market Cap30,656,317,749. make out TypeStammaktie.Stock Data Current Price (12/30/2009) 76.58 In Euro.Revenue generated in the year 2008113.808 BLN EUR.HistoryIt was setup in 1930 by Ferdinand Porshe in Germany and was known as Porshe Buro. In early 1930s German Automotive industry was mainly involved in making Luxury cars. And so an average German could only afford nothing more than a motorcycle. In 1934 Ferdinand Porshe was commissioned by Adolph Hitler to bui ld a small inexpensive car. He required a basic vehicle that could transport two adults and leash children. And this vehicle would be available to all at the price of a motorcycle. On 22 June 1934 Ferdinand Porshe agreed to create a Peoples Car for Hitler. There were many changes including better provide efficiency, reliability, ease of use, and economically effective repairs and parts. The prototypes of the car in the form of KDF-Wagen started appearing from 1936. this car had its peculiar round shape and air-cooled, flat-four, rear-mounted engine. Only a handful of cars were made before the second world war started, that is in 1936. The post war existence of the Company owed to a British major Ivan Hirst. He indented to dismantle the Company and ship it to Britain as no car manufacturer was interested in the Company as it lacked the fundamental requirements. The Company survived by producing the cars for British Army. Volkswagens were first sold in America in 1949. And even tho ugh these models were universally known as Beetle, the Company never officially named it, instead it was referred as Type 1. During 1960s and 1970s the car was becoming outdated the Company introduced several Type 3 and Type 4 models. It differed from the previous models notably with the introduction of monocoque/unibody construction, the option of a fully automatic transmission, electronic give notice injection, and a sturdier power plant. In 1964, Volkswagen succeeded in purchasing Auto Union, and in 1969, Motorenwerke AG (NSU). VW at last merged Auto Union and NSU to create the modern day Audi company.Companys mission statementProvide a quality product.Create a rubber environment.Enhance productivity.Eco Friendliness.Volkswagen projectsThe engineers at Volkswagen are constantly trying to develop new fuel efficient Models which brace very(prenominal) less fuel emission and spell great performance.It is involved in developing many fuel efficient vehicles such as BlueMotion M odels, alternate powertrain applied science and supporting many other projects for environmentally sound driving.Golf BlueMotion is the example of the most fuel efficient vehicle created by them with CO2 emissions less than 107g/kg.Volkswagen is one of the company to become the member of business and Biodiversity Initiative.Where ever possible they use recycled and recyclable materials and most eco friendly methods of construction.They are constantly working on developing vehicles which are fuel efficient and which sop up minimum impact on the environment.The company is engaged in many research projects relating to biotopes, the environment and protection of the species and supports research programs.Marketing StrategyVolkswagen mainly uses figure Marketing in order to position its brand. Double marketing mainly means running multiple campaigns at different places carrying different messages simultaneously. Initially one C was the only company that tried this because of their huge Budget by engaging different ad agencies and pitting them against each other.At times there were different campaigns that were grade up at the same time. But they didnt really work together. In the time period of last few months they have launched campaigns such as Unpimp my rouse to prevent the modifications done by people and for design control, theobeying your fast for the GTI as well as the safe happens jarring TV ad spots for the Jetta. The Companys major emphasis is on easier availability of its products. And to make that possible it has around 44 sites all over the world. That gives them the Geographical advantage. As they discount reach the demands of their customers and even brook a good after sales service through their service centres. Its major marketing strategy is branding its products into different segments of production lines. Its brands go from Skoda (economically priced family vehicles) to Rolls Royce. utilization of Latest TechnologyBlueprinting is the latest technology used by them. Blueprinting is the science of engine rebuilding. At times the engine becomes rigid and there is often solicitude during the start of the engine. This is due to incorrect shimming, vibration from poorly balanced cranks, rough low speed running from valve clearances being too large, so generally speechmaking there is a lot of room for improvement. Careful measuring, fitting and balancing are the main steps involved in Blueprinting. This enhances the performance of the engine providing fuel economy and dependability. In simple words the engine becomes brand new. After Blueprinting the Gear shifting feels very positive and the vibrations will be nullified aiding Longitivity.Volkswagens close at hand(predicate) CompetitorsFord, Toyota, Mercedes and General Motors are the major competitors. Out of which Volkswagen claims that Toyota is its major competitors.CompanySales Revenue (Year 2008)Loss (%)General Motors$148,979Billion8%Ford$146277Billion11 %Mercedes$23.8Billion7%Toyota$204352Billion8%Volkswagen made a profit of about 1.2 Billion in the year 2008. Their sales revenue was 113.808 BLNSWOT AnalysisVolkswagen AG StrengthsStrong Market Share As it leads the continent as the number one car maker, it holds a strong reputation in the market. Due to this its stock value cannot be brought pop easily.Strong RD Activities This is a major advantage over its competitors. They are always inquisitive of finding some alternate technology which make vehicles more fuel efficient and decrease the emissions ensuring a better environment.Strong Brand Equity It holds a strong brand value as people are sensible of each and every Brand owned by them. And those stand among the top brands amongst others in the industry.Geographic Diversification As it has 44 sites all over the world, it can meet up the demand of the consumers over every product.Strong Growth Prospects They should continue to live up to the reputation created by them in the Au tomotive industry.Volkswagen AG WeaknessLimited Liquidity Position As they have a huge capital invested in Research and development and promoting other projects they have restrain liquidity position.Declining Market Share in SectorVolkswagen AG OpportunitiesStrategic Alliances Volkswagen from the very beginning started forming alliances with other companies. The Brand such as Audi was formed by merging of Volkswagen with Auto Union and Nsu.Demand for Fuel Efficient and Hybrid Vehicles There has always been an increase in demand of better fuel efficient vehicles with very low emissions. So if they continue to meet the demands through their Research and development they can survive in the emerging market.Growth Opportunities in emerging Markets Using their knowledge and efficiency in finding new technology which can be used in the engines, for example Blueprinting technology, they can always have a strong position in the market.Volkswagen AG ThreatsIntense Competition There are m any companies which are providing a good rivalry in terms of market share. Last year Volkswagen claimed that Toyota is its biggest competitor.Global Economic Slow Down Due to recession there has been a very stiff competition among the companies as there has been very limited demand in the automobile sector.Stricter Emission Standards Due to the advancement of technology there has been a demand of very low emissions and to some extent the companies have been able to meet up the demand, so the emission standards get stricter and stricter each time a new technology comes up.ConclusionVolkswagen is successful mainly because of manufacturing automobile parts, rather than waiting for the manufacture of a new car and launching it.Most of the major brands that they own were purchased by them.People were to some extent aware of those brands. But they did not hold much bigger market value.ReferencesVolkswagen Chronicle Volkswagen Beetle History 1938 to 2003 Jpost.com www.rememusem.com Vo lkswagens American gathering plant Rumors.automobilemag.com Companiesandmarkets.com Corporate information snapshots IBISWorld Institute for Sustainability and Technology Polic Articlesbase/Volkswagen Gti, Automobile Magazines Car of the Year CJS Racing South West http//autos.yahoo.com/articles/autos_content_landing_pages/1161/volkswagen-steals-toyotas-crown-as-worlds-largest-automaker/ Was Hitlers Beetle designed by a Jew? Jewish Features Jerusalem Post. Jpost.com. http//www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1251804553863pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull. Retrieved 2009-10-07. Volkswagen to Shut U.S. Plant. http//query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE7D6113DF932A15752C1A961948260. Retrieved 2008-05-17. VW picks Tenn. for its 1st US car plant since 88. Bloomberg News Volkswagen to take a 42.0 percent stake in Porsche AG. Taume News. 2009-08-14. http//news.taume.com/World-Business/Business-Finance/Volkswagen-to-take-a-42-0-percent-stake-in-Porsche-AG-11861. Ret rieved 2009-01-22. Todd Kaho (2007-10-01). Volkswagen Pushes for Development of Clean Diesels. Green Car Journal. http//www.greencar.com/articles/volkswagen-pushes-development-clean-diesels.php. Retrieved 2009-04-19. VW revs up its clean-diesel technologies. Oct.11, 2007, mlive.com May 3, 2008

Indias Tata Steel Company Analysis

Indias Tata stigma Company AnalysisBy acquiring Anglo-Dutch brand name firm Corus, Indias Tata marque is now one of the worlds top five steel get finishedrs. Professor Tarun Khanna says the fact that the ken is the largest out of India and generated by the private sector makes this a notable event. scarce now comes the hard part-making the merger work. Can Tata avoid mistakes made by Chinese companies?Key concepts include* Tatas acquisition of Corus is notable not only for creating a new steel giant, but also beca theatrical role this deal was a private sector venture far from Indian government influence.* Tata should be able to make the merger work by virtue of its position of financial strength as well as previous cross-border experiences. The West should not underestimate this notwithstanding relatively unknown competitor.ContentsINTRODUCTIONTATA STEEL C0MPANY-Tata Iron Steel Company Ltd. (TISCO) is the iron and steel issue company associated with the Tata group of some 80 different industrial and other business enterprises in India, founded by members of the Tata family. TISCO operates as Indias largest integrated steel works in the private sector with a food market sh atomic number 18 of nearly 13 present and is the second largest steel company in the entire industry. Its products and services include hot and cold rolled coils and sheets, tubes, construction bars, forging quality steel, rods, structural, strips and bearings, steel plant and material handling equipment, Ferro alloys and other minerals, software for exploit controls, and cargo handling services. Through its subsidiaries, TISCO also offers tin central office, wires, rolls, refractories, and project steering services. Tata Steel was established by Indian Paris businessman Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata in 1907 (he died in 1904, before the project was completed).CORUS STEEL COMPANY-Corus Group was created in October 1999 through the merger of British Steel and Koninklijke Hoogovens, an d consists of mills and service abideters, that produce and distribute steel products to customers worldwide.Corus service Centres, part of Corus Group with sales of over $2 meg, process and distribute products such as coil, sheet, structural sections, bar, tube, and plate products. They provide a variety of processing services such as slitting, levelling, shearing, sawing, and a concatenation of multi-step plate processes.1LITERATURE REVIEWCHANGE MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIPCHANGE MANAGEMENT It is a organized approach to trade with stir, both from view of an presidency and on in the individual level.This of change management assignment relates to transformation theory.As in an organization changes transform by the leader Mr.RattanTata (CEO) for the reputation and favourableness of an organization.CHANGE sticker The three stages of change that are still the basis of many approaches today.Unfreeze-The term change deposit is often used to divulge people who are unfrozen and ready to take the next step. Some people come ready for change whilst others take a long conviction to let go of their comfortable current realities.Changing-whitethorn be hard for the individual, often the hardest part is to start. Even when a person is unfrozen and ready for change, that first step can be very scary.Transition can also be a pleasant trap and, as Robert Louis Stephenson said, It is better to go hopefully than arrive. People become comfortable in temporary situations where they are not accountable for the hazards of normal work and where talking about change may be substituted for real action.RefreezeAt the other end of the journey, the final goal is to refreeze, putting down roots again and establishing the new place of stability.In practice, refreezing may be a slow process as changing seldom stop cleanly, but go more in fits and starts with a long fantasm of bits and pieces. There are good and bad things about this.2LEADERSHIPIt is the influencing process of leade rship and followers to achieve organisational objectives through change.For achievement and growth of the company, Mr.Rattan Tata change the leadership with employees.STYLE OF LEADERSHIPTransformational leadership in terms of how the leader affects followers, who are intended to trust, admire and respect the transformational leader.He identified three ways in which leaders transform followersIncreasing their awareness of task importance and appraise.Getting them to focus first on team or organisational goals, rather than their own interests.Activating their higher-order needs.3OBJECTIVES OF CHANGEThe main objective of Merger Acquisition transaction is as followsProper utilization of all uncommitted resources.To prevent exploitation of unutilized and underutilized assets and resources.Forming a strong human base.Reducing tax burden.Improving profits.Eliminating or limiting the competition.Achieving savings in monitoring cost.REASIONS FOR MERGINGFOR CORUS- core Debt Of Corus Is 1. 6 Ban Gap.Corus Needs Supply Of Raw Material At Lower Cost.Though Corus Has Revenue Of $ 18.06 Ban Its Profit Was Just Of $626 MN.Corus Facilities Were Relatively Old With luxuriously Cost Of Production.Employee Cost Is 15% plot of ground That of Tata Steel Is 9%.Tata had a strong retail and distribution network in India and SE Asia. This would make the European manufacturer an in-road into the emerging Asian markets.FOR TATA-Tata Was Looking To Manufacture Finished Products In Mature Markets Of Europe.A Diversified Product Mix Will Reduce Risks While Higher End Products forget add to bottom line.Corus Holds A Number Of Patents And RD Facility.Tata Is Known For Efficient Handling For Labour And It Aims At Reducing Employee Cost and better Productivity.It Will Move From 55th Position In World To 5th In Production Of Steel Globally.Tata was a major supplier to the Indian car industry and the demand for value added steel products was growing in this market. Hence there would be a powerful combination of high quality authentic and low cost high growth market4CHANGES-Corus legal identity was changed last November to Tata Steel Europe. Kirby Adams, MD and CEO of Tata Steel Europe. With the transition to Tata Steel name our customers have the reassurance that the technical ex annual revenue and work force of 50,000 employees Valuing the Acquisition.Method used Enterprise Value Multiple. (EV represents a companys economic value the minimum amount someone would have to pay to buy it outright)Precise and capability earned over a long and successful period will be enhanced by aligning a world-class product with a spherical leader in steel return.IMPLEMENTATION OF CHANGE MODELMarket has not responded well to this deal as the price of the stock ups fell. Investors are worried about cash outflow and the resultant strain on companys proportion sheet. Of the summarise cash to be paid in the deal $4.1 billion will be forked by Tata steel, rest of the money will be a s debts and will be returned from Corus cash flows.No merger is interpenetrate free and almost every has a bit of it. Tata steel needs to keep down on bringing down the production cost, which is high now. They need to use the best of their management skills. Rattan Tatas dexterity has worked out for the benefit of the group and this snip will be no exception. The shareholders need to keep their faith full in the group and this will pay as it has before.5AFTER unionTHE GLOBAL STEEL manufacturing-The current global steel industry is in its best position in comparing to last decades. The price has been arise continuously. The demand expectations for steel products are rapidly growing for orgasm years. The shares of steel industries are also in a high pace. The steel industry is enjoying its sixth consecutive years of growth in supply and demand. And there is many more merger and acquisitions which overall buoyed the industry and showed some good results.The subprime crisis has led to the break in economy of different Countries, which may lead to have a negative effect on whole steel industry in coming years. However steel production and consumption will be supported by continuous economic growth.6CONTRIBUTION OF COUNTRIES TO GLOBAL STEEL INDUSTRYThe countries like China, Japan, India and South Korea are in the top of the above in steel production in Asian countries. China accounts for one third of total production i.e. 419m ton, Japan accounts for 9% i.e. 118m ton, India accounts for 53m ton and South Korea is accounted for 49m ton, which all totally becomes more than 50% of global production. Apart from this USA, BRAZIL, UK accounts for the major chunk of the whole growth.The steel industry has been witnessing robust growth in both domestic as well as international markets. In this article, let us have a look at how has the steel industry performed globally in 2007.7CAPACITY-The global crude steel production capacity has grown by around 7% to 1.6 ban i n2007 from 1.5 ban tonnes in 2006. The capacity has shown a growth rate of 7% CAGR since 2003. The additions to capacity over last few years have ranged from 36 m tonnes in 2004 to 108 m tonnes in 2007. Asian region accounts for more than 60% of the total production capacity of world, backed in the first place by capacity in China, Japan, India, Russia and South Korea. These nations are among the top steel producers in the8AFTER MERGERBENEFITS-Corus well known strength is the production of high-end steel-used in construction automobile and aircraft as well as its impressive research and development will complement Tata Steel. The merger will also give it access to the important markets of Europe. All that will benefit Corus is the management expertise of the Tatas and their cost advantage in producing steel. With their acumen they will bring down the production cost of Corus. Tata Steel expects to earn $300 million per year through cost savings.Market has not responded well to this deal as the price of the stocks fell. Investors are worried about cash outflow and the resultant strain on companys balance sheet. Of the total cash to be paid in the deal $4.1 billion will be forked by Tata steel, rest of the money will be as debts and will be returned from Corus cash flows.No merger is riddle free and almost every has a bit of it. Tata steel needs to concentrate on bringing down the production cost, which is high now. They need to use the best of their management skills. Rattan Tatas dexterity has worked out for the benefit of the group and this time will be no exception. The shareholders need to keep their faith intact in the group and this will pay as it has before.9CHANGE AGENTI believe this will be the first step in showing that Indian industry can in fact step outside the shores of India in an international marketplace and acquit itself as a global player.RATAN TATARESISTANCETakeover defences include all actions by managers to resist having their firms acqui red. Attempts by target managers to defeat outstanding coup proposals are overt forms of takeover defences. Resistance also includes actions that occur before a takeover offer is made which make the firm more difficult to acquire. The intensity of the defences can range from mild to severe.Mild resistance forces bidders to restructure their offers, but not prevent an acquisition or raise the takeover price substantially. Severe resistance can block takeover bids, thereby giving the incumbent managers of the target firm veto power over acquisition proposals. A natural place to lay out the analysis of takeover defences is with the wealth effects of takeovers. There is broad agreement that being a takeover target substantially Increases the wealth of shareholders.Historical estimates of the stock price increases of target firms are about 20% in the mergers and about 30% in tender offers. The large gain for target stockholders in takeovers seems to predicate that all takeover resistan ce is bad. Resistance makes the firm more difficult to acquire. If the defence works, it lowers the probability of a takeover and stockholders are thus less credibly to receive takeover premiums. Takeover resistance can benefit shareholders. Stockholders are concerned about the market value of the firm10CONCLUSION- stopping point With Corus in its fold, Tata Steel can confidently target becoming one of the top-3 steel makers globally by 2015. The company would have an aggregate capacity of boney to 56 million tonnes per annum, if all the planned Greenfield capacities go on stream by then. We can conclude that if the acquisitions well planned, Executed and the necessary precautions taken for the deal a company can achieve its strategic objectives and thus ensure its growth through Acquisition.11REFRENCES1 www.tatabolaji.com/opinionbymihirmishra2 www.invera.com/new/corus/indexshtm3 www.tatasteel.comcompany4 www.scrib.com/doc/mergeoftatasteelandcorus5 www.barometer.edlman.comtrust/20 09/6 www.sixsigmail9.com/article.cfm7 Leading Change by John P. Katter8 Managing Change and Transition by Richard Lucked9 Change counseling by Jeffrey Hiatt and Timothy Crease10 The Change Management Pocket Guide by Kate Nelson and Stacy Aaron11 Leading Change by James OToole.12

Blackberry Agriculture for Economic Development

Blackberry Agriculture for Economic DevelopmentAbstractName of the send off Blackberry futureName of appli firet Haris Tahric jut partners Municipality of BihacPriority area of the project Municipality of BihacTARGET GROUP / NO DIRECT CUSTOMER Entrepreneurs, Firms, Fruit processing factories. PLACE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT Rural areas of Bihac municipality go steady duration (month) 12 months Budget 70 312 SummaryBlackberry is a fruit species in our country, and e supererogatoryly in Bosnia, for many manufacturers of new and insufficiently know cultures, because the production began to be introduced only thirty years ago. As fruit crops, blackberry has large economic importance. Blackberry fruits are fit and in great demand for various types of home(prenominal) and industrial processing, cryopreservation and for consumption in the fresh state. However, the current needs cannot be even close to settle, because the production of blackberries in our miniscule and stil l largely achieved from natural populations of wild blackberries. Hence there is a need to accelerate the introduction and expansion of production as productive and reform formal varieties of blackberries. Quickly coming into bearing, regularly and generously giving birth, fruit quality, easy realization of production achieved at affordable prices and other characteristics make noble blackberry very useful and profitable crop. In addition, in our country there are favorable natural conditions for the production of blackberries on a wide of the mark area of lowland to mountain heavy areas. So it is favorable natural resources relatively little exploited. The high profitability of growing blackberries is affected, that in recent years raising amateur and commercial grove takes shape and is interested in its cultivation of a large number of manufacturers. I was very interested in the production of blackberries because of its biological properties, as well as fruit species, the best varieties to include in his grove, the method of cultivation, plantation and raising seedlings, as well as the latest schoolings in the entire process of production and trade of fruits. I tried to use as many of their own results and other experiences, in govern to avoid making mistakes, which would later reflect negatively on the success of the production of blackberries.INFORMATION ABOUT THE APPLICANT Mission Our mission is to promote the floriculture of blackberries to become one of the primary(prenominal) driving bosoms for the promotion of the local economy, because it is an agricultural product that has very low production costs but with the right interchange strategy is could be very profitable.Vision Our vision is to establish one product that could be the fundament of the local economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the main driving force which exit bring our living bills to a higher level.The main objectives and strategies Main objective of this project is to find investors which provide invest into it. Such a intent is very hard to establish because we are now in a crisis period in which bulk are afraid to invest into projects which are not 100% profitable. This main objective can be established if we plan everything correctly and put a lot of effort into the project. The first part of this project consists of the description about the local economic position and what are the main problems. The second part consists of strategies how to use best the blackberry fields to maximize the profit. counterbalance stage of project will continue to work alongside of the other.Please provide brief description of the organizational structure and decision-making structureNumber of employees would be ten to fifteen, with one executive coach, four graduates, one secretary, and nine field workers. Type of hierarchy would be vertical, where executive manager would be the director and the main decision maker, while four other employees would be subordina ted to him in hierarchy. Decision making structure would be simplified, with executive manager on the top. The main composition is to follow the ideas of one person so that it dont came into the position to deal with two or more strategies, which at the end wouldnt be successful. Figure 1 Decision making hierarchyWorkforce organization in the organizationName and last nameOccupationPosition genderExperience in yearsN/NExecutive ManagerCEOM5N/NGraduated ManageradvisorM0N/NGraduated ManagerConsultantM0N/NSecretarySecretaryW3N/NField workersPhysical workersM3OfficeOwn or leasedOwned ( A smart Office place in the center of the city)Own or jointly with other NGOsOwnArea100 sqm (four working spaces and one meeting hall)Do you hold a phone / fax in the officeYesDo you have Internet access at the officeYesDo you have all the necessary equipment for the execution of the project?YesINTRODUCTIONAs fruit crops, blackberry has great economic importance. It is particularly interesting for gro wing in warmer areas but near mountain, up to 700m above sea level.Economic significance as blackberry fruit culture, provide biological production traits which it is characterized, which is reflected in the following quickly enter the fruit, because in the second year after planting begins to bear, and in the third year of a full fruitborn regularly and abundantlyblackberry fruits have great nutritional, technological and dietetic value, and are suitable and much in demand for various types of processingProduction of blackberries is very safe, because fresh fruits and its products easily and hands down sold in domestic and foreign marketseasily and quickly multiplies, rooting peaks and using stripsadapts well to different growing conditions, it is not a big elector in terms of soil properties, late flower, also known spring frosts her no harmgrowing blackberries is quite simple and allows the employment of more repulserelatively resistant to pests and diseasesits fruits are app lied for medicinal purposesThese and other biological production and technological features make blackberry very useful and profitable crop. maturation of blackberry is very fast and also returns on your investment.In addition to the fair qualities of blackberries have disadvantages such asLate ends vegetation, especially blackberries without thornsWhat has plenty of warm fruits are small and durabilityIt is necessary for its growing enough manpower, especially for harvesting.To avoid these drawbacks, I chose the plantation earlier varieties of blackberries without thorns, which achieve high yields.Stakeholders of the projectMunicipality of Bihac Municipality of Bihac in rural areas will have the biggest benefit from implementation of this project because they will introduce a new branch of berries. Furthermore, budget is expected to benefit receivable to increased activities.People unemployed people in rural sector, which is the most affected in our country will directly get an opportunity to institute new small private enterprises or to engage in existing producer groups and thereby provide the jobs for themselves. Furthermore, people who live from agriculture will benefit. The areas or so Bihac, as well as the studyity of Una-Sana Canton are known for very fertile land for cultivation and production of fruits and vegetables. This production would put special focus on finding reliable partner for redemption of surpluses of blackberry.Firms which already work on the area of municipality will benefit from the new product, which will hit the roof the offer of companies that are engaged in buying and re grappleing fruit.Members/Individuals workers who get into in the work on the plantations of blackberry.Foreign firms which decides to invest in our country. They will be provided with a high quality product at a very affordable price.Targeted groupsFirst of all, the target will be the market of Bosnia and Herzegovina but considering a good geographi cal position the target will also be West Europe, countries such as German, Italy, Austria and Benelux countries. This market, European market, has a large number of consumers of this product and major importers of blackberries because of insufficient domestic production.Overall goal of the projectOverall goal of this project is to make a blackberry plantation by European standards and to participate in the European Union market with high quality products. With this move, we would have presented the municipality of Bihac and the Una-Sana Canton, to population of European Union in the best possible way and thusly met them with other products produced around these areas. Attracting FDI to Bosnia and Herzegovina, we can expect new projects and investments that will effect positively our economy and society.FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTSPrivately owned 100%Registered Capital 65,100 KMRegistration Number -Date of establishment 12.09.2000.god.Date of last registration 06.09.2004.god.Bank Uni refer ence Bank 60%Credit requestCredit for equipment and 45,000 KMCredit for working capital 15,000 KMTOTAL 60,000 KMRepayment period 60 months, 6% interest.1. What is the subject of investment?The subject of this loan application is immovable assets 110 000 KM Current assets 15,100 KM2. How much funding is needed to achieve this?It takes a total of 173 100 KM,How will invest their own property in the projectWhat is required to happen / build andWhat do you expect of these investments ?3. Sources of fundingLoan commitments 60,000 KMOwn funds 65 100 KMAnnual income 48,000 KMTotal 173,100 KM.4. It is necessary that the storage space install a small refrigerator, a refrigerated van, increase the surface area plantations, and obtain new varieties of blackberries.5. From the presented investment, it is realistic to expect the modernization of production and increase capacity.IMPACT FOR THE COUNTRY / IMPACT FOR CITIZENSThe agriculture should be in every country of the gentleman the main pa rt of the economy, because through the agriculture industry the whole economy of a country could do and buy whatever they want.Effects of expectationsTo increase production, which center security maintenance and expansion of relationships with customers, increase the number of seasonal workers, to fruits have time to repent and placed on the domestic and foreign markets. During each surgical procedure must be strictly take into account the quality and the customer is satisfied.Information about EcologyProduction of blackberries is healthy and does not pollute the environment. modify branches and leaves burn at the specified location.RESULTS OF THE BUSINESS PLANAs we know, to engage in any business must have a business plan, which will be our road map guiding. The business plan provided blackberries are all actions that occur in the production process. Investing own and borrowed capital to be businesslike and to bring economic effects (profits).The planning results can provide a variety of efficiency. E 1, E = 1 or E If efficiency is little than one, new investments are not efficient, and we have to realize a loss in the business plan of remedying the deficiencies that affect the negative efficiency. This is one of the better shipway to verify the success of any enterprise. In addition to a good, realistic planning for the success of the enterprise, it is very important and successful manager, and his task is to produce blackberries presents the domestic and foreign market at realistic prices. In order for products to be competitive in the international market, have to meet European standards.Result 1To conduct a business plan which will be completely according to the rules which are set by the ruling, we must first identify what is it what people need in accordance to survive.Result 2Contribution to the development of the agricultural segment, through promotions in the ministry parliament. They dont know if they even can fix them but people are making n ervous protests just to become what they have deserved.Result 3The most important result is that the development of the blackberry agriculture industry will help the local economy to survive and to earn enough funds to raise the GDP level, the average wage, the standard of living, to pay back government loans and to fund projects in the future whose goal is to establish a working economy with many benefits.Risks and SafeguardsFor the production of blackberry plantation farming risks are very small because of late starts with vegetation, and there is no danger of frost during the growing season. It is very well tolerated by dry periods, and is suitable for irrigation, since the plantations raised on gentle hills. In the case of lower genus, the number of seedlings is measured in order to achieve the planned profit, which can successfully sell on the market.Monitoring, evaluation and reportingMonitoring is the process which will give insight to the stakeholders of this project, and i n particular, to the financers. Manager of the project is obligated to send reports about the situation of project, planned activities and its progress. Through the monitoring the project manager is going to indicate what is being through with(p) good and what is being done bad. These adjustments will be done through communication with the executives in order to come up with the optimal solutions, which will satisfy all members involved in the project. I other address reports about the execution of time schedule, activities and budget, manager will send periodically. To have successful business and raise this firm on a higher level, he will also have meetings, monthly or quarterly with relevant stakeholders. On those meetings, they are also allowed to give their opinion, comments or any proposal which will be discussed among them.Evaluation of the project will be done by a manager, and he is obligated to use step by step technique, callable to fact of small number of employees, and limited budget. This is done because this project does not want for manager to get involved in too many activities at the same and as a result of that, those activities do not get proper execution. He will be allowed to move to next planned application during the implementation of this project only after the previous activity has been done, or it has moved into final phase.Reporting As an appropriate persons from the financial side of the project, manager must send periodically reports to relevant stakeholders and executives.CONCLUSIONWhy I opted for plantation cultivation blackberry? Great love for the fruit has contributed to decide for plantation cultivation of blackberries. Bearing in mind that the blackberry fruit crops as very young in our region, its good biological properties, each year he entered the great fertility of high-quality fruits, which have been increasingly used in household, culinary and food industry. Products blackberries are healing, both in fresh and in processed condition. there is a great demand for blackberries, success is guaranteed.

al capone Essay -- essays research papers

Organized crime was not so organized up until the 1920s. When the 1920s arrived, the American life style changed dramatically. People started investing m stary in home appliances and automobiles, womens skirts became higher and drinking became very popular. Also, organized crime came to a rise in the 1920s. And in the high ranks of organized crime was Al Capone. Al Capone ran umteen illegal businesses including bootlegging, gambling, prostitution, and murders. There were many gangs in the world of organized crime and Al Capones was at the top. Al Capone was the most infamous gangster in the 1920s. Being a big time gangster was big business. Money was made immediate and very easily. Bootlegging alcohol was by far the most profitable in the 1920s, this was because of the prohibition. Gambling was another business that paid off. Gambling stations were nock up all over cities. Prostitution and Murders were also crimes that made gangsters money. Alphonse Capone was the biggest force in organized crime. He started his career of crime in Boston, as an scholar to Johnny Torrio. That is where he earned the unforgettable nickname Scarface. It was in a bar when Capone made some rude comments about a charwoman. Minutes later, the womans brother sliced Capone in the face. D. VanGorder 2 This man was a friend of Charles Lucky Luciano. Al Capone was punished and forced to apologize. Al Capone did not beseem a leader until he went to dinero. At the time he was still an apprentice to Johnny Torrio. In the midst of the gang violence and bootlegging was Chicago. Chicago was a great place to start a ring of organized crime. The government was very weak which made it easier to do crime. Capone entered the city of Chicago in 1920. At the time, Big Jim Colosimo ran things. He made about 50,000 dollars a month. Torrio and Capone started their business with four gambling joints/whore houses in Chicago. These underground places were known as deuces. In Chicago Capone met a man w ho would be his friend for life, Jack Guzik. Guzik was Jewish. His family lived off prostitution. Al Capone never worried about racial issues, his wife was even Irish. later on Jack Guzick was roughed up by a Joe Howard, Capone let out his temper. It did not help when Howard called Capone some rude names. Soon after, Capone shot him down. There was no conviction, it was gather in that Capone was becoming more... ...n Capone was showing his superiority. As Alva Johnston said in the New Yorker D. VanGorder 6 Chicago is the imperial city of the gang world and New York a away provincial place. The incident was known as The Adonis club massacre. Prohibition may have caused the highest crime rate ever in organized crime. Frankie yale was a longtime friend of Al Capone and Johnny Torrio. He was used in various hits including the murders of Dion Obanion and Big Jim Colosimo. In 1928 Capone found out that Yale had been hijacking many of his booze trucks. Soon after, Yale was shot down. N o other single gangster could be as infamous as Al Capone. Al Capone was the most stringy gangster to ever live. No one could stop his reign of crime, and anyone that got in his way, he would take out, Even when it came to his friends. He was never convicted for any of the hundreds of crimes he committed, this is one of the most important facts that showed how many connections Capone had. It was until the 1930s when Capone was convicted of Tax invasion. While serving his jail time Alphonse Capone became a victim of the deadly disease Syphilis. Al Capone died solely his crime legacy will always live on.

Essay About Family: Ain’t No Mountain High Enough :: Personal Narrative essay about my family

Aint No Mountain High Enough Scene one, absent two, role it A teenage boy stands alone, looking into the auburn sky, he wonders how it can look so beautiful without a touch of sun. The immense trees screen door pieces of light as depression captures his mind. The winters cold is laid like a blanket across the dying ground. He inhales slowly as the cold night air blows sternly across his cheeks. He exhales, watching intently the stream funnel from his lips into the beautiful sky. He stands and wonders how innocent the day is and how frighten the night becomes. The bare and dying trees reflect the mood of loneliness and unhappiness that winter brings. The season of perpetual giving comes to a close, but he doesnt believe it was ever open. As each moment wears on, he struggles to find not only himself, but understanding from his family. This year he brought home no gifts of greatness. Not even an attitude for the others to enjoy. I watch closely as the camera pans out and the entire scene is portrayed to the audience. Like a function in a movie, I constantly wonder if anyone is watching. Each of my senses comes back to me as my memory winds through the film in the projector of my mind. My plane landed on Saturday morning after being delayed over night in the cold Memphis airport. Hungry and tired, I stepped off the 30- passenger plane that I shared. dropping snow is all that I could analyse once in Tulsa. My father was waiting with a smile stretched across his face as I walked into the heat room. His arms folded around my shoulders and I embraced him with happiness. I saw a tear slide down the right cheek and I knew he was glad to see me too. Now that I have been away to college for the past five months things seemed different. My dad reminds me of home when interprets the phone call that he and my mother had just hours before my arrival. actors line of bickering and remorse pierced the phone line from Oklahoma City to Tulsa . Your mother told me about the problems with your credit card, and how stranded on money you are.