Modern Sculpture Americanoom Essay -- Modern Art Artwork

The Artistic High Selfish SalvationEscape. Its worth whatsoever given amount of time, money, and sacrifice. A haven a distraction from the ordinary an oasis of idylls. But from what exactly? A high instructs for a quick perceptual blur an interrelated pleasure of detachment, obeyed by a climatic crash, which adds further weight to a reality somehow less livable. The trip is understood it creates path for addiction an insatiable thirst for an ironically cleansed state, reminiscent of an oblivious feeling associated with childhood innocence. Yet no matter the depth of any high, what one seeks to break away or so is --illogically-- eerily present in the vicinity. Along with this acknowledgment comes the climatic crash the end of leisure the closing act in a play, character role left in the costume room the fading of a blasting song. Our sought dismount is logically and even illogically (imagination does non detach from this reality)impossible. This is because what every person see ks to escape is an unbearable environment an unbearable self. Throughout history, generations have introduced various forms of escapism drugs, yoga, exercise, meditation, induced sleep, even tea. But an escape whose consistent efficiency prevails throughout time resorts back to an almost instinctive skill, requiring the minimum provisions pencil and paper. Through this blissful childhood skill, the body is engulfed in a soothing lake of endorphins, which neither ignores nor fully acknowledges pain, but molds it into a malleable attitude reflected in the beauty of art.Throughout what may perhaps have been the most historically-active decade, the 1960s stirred significant social transformation in the United States and abroad. Among infinite socia... ...th artists were able to pass their troubles and experiences onto a work, which would be shared with the world and wherefore numb their personal worries, knowing their message would reach millions, therefore exploring a new definition of selfish escapism through selfish salvation. Works CitedArgentina. Microsoft Encarta acknowledgement Library. CD-ROM. Microsoft. 2005.Chryssa. Microsoft Encarta Reference Library. CD-ROM. Microsoft. 2005.Florou, Katerina. Chryssa. Astir Magazine. 26 Sept. 2006. Gladwell, Malcolm. Blink The Power of Thinking Without Thinking. New York Little, Brown and Company, 2005. Greece. Microsoft Encarta Reference Library. CD-ROM. Microsoft. 2005.Kennedy. Microsoft Encarta Reference Library. CD-ROM. Microsoft. 2005.

The Test :: Original Writing Personal Narrative

My eyelids drooped as I poured yet another cup of coffee, so that I might stay awake long enough to study the locomote thousand pages or so in my notebook. Maybe it was just too much caffeine, but it seemed to me that the coffee machine was laughing at me, as it seemed to enjoin youre hopeless, go to bed. I had been studying for so long now that the few things I did know for certain at the starting time were now beginning to baffle me. Facts and figures jumbled together in one huge pile in my mind, useless dates and numbers that meant absolutely nothing to me in my exhausted state. wherefore dont you go to bed now, honey? my mother asked kindly when she found me studying in the dim light in the living room. Its really late, and you have to get up early.I groaned. Thanks for reminding me a little voice screamed inside my head. Only four more hours and Id have to get up for school, and here I was, absolutely clueless despite my efforts of cramming.No, not yet, I pleaded. Ill go to b ed soon, I promise. I just want to go over this last little section.Mom sighed, but nodded, flicking on another lamp for me on her way back to bed. Youre sledding to ruin your eyes studying in the dark, I heard her mumble as she left the room.Ruin my eyes? As though that was all I had to worry ab step forward After I wrote my exam tomorrow, my carriage was going to be ruined My chances of getting accepted into a decent college were gone out the window. Id never get a decent job, and there was not a chance that Id ever get marry or have children. Who wanted to marry a failure? Visions of myself in thirty years, alone and impoverished, popped into my head. I could already see myself, sitting in my critical one room apartment, spooning Kraft dinner out of a worn pot. My clothes were in tatters, and my only companion was a skinny stray toss Id sneaked into the apartment. My phone would never ring, and thered never be any letters for me in the mail. My family would disown me, my fri ends would forget me . . . yes, I decided, my life was most certainly ruined.Although I tried most diligently to stay awake, my efforts were in vain.

Convention and Realism in Henry James’ Washington Square Essay

Convention and Realism in Henry James majuscule SquareRealism, as described by William Dean Howells in the late nineteenth century, replaces the high art and style of the literature of the preceding decades by permitting such(prenominal) characters as Howells Silas Lapham to have a distinct place in the pantheon of American literary characters. Fervently, Howells invoked the truth of the realist genre, writing, Let it portray men and women as they are, actuated by the motives and the passions in the measure we all know...let it speak the dialect, the language, that most Americans know - the language of unaffected people everywhere (Fictions of the Real, 188). This impassioned phrase, apparently invoking the importance of characters such as Silas Lapham, indicates the outcome of a gritty language, an unaffected dialect. Such a marker for naive realism connotes not the stories of Howell or James, but rather the coarse, common language of the masses as found in the pages of Twains Hu ckleberry Finn. Howells call for realism encompasses such literary giants as Henry James, but does not necessarily describe them. Both Howells and James, though suddenly invested in the motives and passions of the human race, still rely and stylistic and social conventions in their novels. James, most especially, combines high art and society with a new conception of realism - one that removes the mask from the self-proclaimed moralism of the upper classes and demonstrates their hopes and failures in the very light of truth-telling fiction. While Howells realism was romantic in that he permitted respectability to censor his observations and insights (Trachtenberg, 191) and allowed his characters to fall into the miasma of what he believed to ... ...mes, 39). James, rather than resorting to the later bitter, gritty realist tactics of Drieser, stays enmeshed in the conventions of society while experimenting with realist conceptions of character. Though the novel caters to the good taste of the gentlefolk (Trachtenberg, 182) with its nod to societal norms and customs, James characters, most especially Catherine Sloper, indicate the emergence of a new reality of an authentic and original being (Bell, 38) - a being of disconnected hopes with the ragged edges of truth uncompromisingly told. Works Cited Millicent Bell, Style as Subject Washington Square, in Sewanee Review (vol. 83, 1985). Henry James, Washington Square (London Penguin Classics, 1986). Alan Trachtenberg, Fictions of the Real, in The internalization of America Culture & Society in the Gilded Age (New York Hill and Wang, 1982).

Custom Essays: Fortinbras and the Good Life -- GCSE Coursework Shakesp

Fortinbras and the Good Life Hamlet lives only part of the good life. He dies. Laertes lives only part of the good life. He dies. Fortinbras lives the good life. He becomes the king. The ultimate fates of these one-third characters describe how close each of them come to the good life. Hamlet and Laertes are at the edge of two extremes, go Fortinbras is somewhere in between. In a sense, non living the good life causes the demise of both Hamlet and Laertes, physically as well as mentally. In contrast, living the good life allows Fortinbras to become the king of Denmark and live out the rest of his life in peace. These three characters play out three very different aspects the good life only Fortinbras lives the good life. The good life is one of overcoming obstacles, being true to oneself, and combining reason with emotion. The ability to jazz with extreme losses--and even losses that are not so extreme--is a necessary part of anyones life. Life is never perfect all humans mus t(prenominal) deal with that state of imperfection. Hamlet is totally incapable of dealing with the death of his father, a major setback in his life. His state of mourning, at the beginning of the play, is not intrinsically terrible, as all humans must mourn the deaths of loved ones at some point in time. However, when Hamlet takes this mourning to extreme depression, grammatical construction of his father, A was a man, take him for all and all, / I shall not look upon his like again (1.2, 187-188), he is implicitly telling the audience that it is beyond his capacity to struggle with his fathers death. In this admission, he is denying the first component of the good life working through the difficult times in life. In his efforts to make his coping easier, and fo... ...onstructs of society. Anything else would be uncivilized. Works Cited Erlich, Avi. 1977. Hamlets Absent Father. Princeton Princeton University Press. Fineman, Joel. 1980. Fratricide and Cuckoldry Shakespeares Doub les. In Representing Shakespeare New Psychoanalytic Essays, edited by Coppelia Kahn and Murray M. Schwarz. Baltimore and London The Johns Hopkins Press, 70-109. Fleissner, Robert. 1982. Sullied Or Solid Hamlets Flesh Once More. Hamlet Studies 492-3. Fowler, Alastair. 1987. The Plays in spite of appearance the Play of Hamlet. In Fanned and Winnowed Opinions Shakespearean Essays Presented to Harold Jenkins, edited by John W. Mahon and Thomas A. Pendleton. London and New York Methuen. Freud, Sigmund. 1953-74. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works. 24 vols, trans. crowd Stachey. London Hogarth.

The Role of Foreshadowing in the Prologue of Harry Mulischs The Assaul

The prologue of a novel plays a crucial role in introducing the setting of the story. The prologue also sets the shadiness of the tale and potentiometer sometimes hide vital information from the reader. The art of signal is often apply in the prologue, and after reading through the story, revert sand to the prologue can help connect the many themes and motifs that are preponderant throughout the narrative. A high-quality example of a prose with a prologue that is riddled with underlying foreshadowing is The Assault, by Harry Mulisch. By analyzing a single passage of the prologue and comparing it with other small potions of the text, the foretelling of events in the prologue of The Assault by Harry Mulisch can easily be related to how Anton believed the killing of his family was a simple affair, when in reality, it was a more complicated incident than Anton could have fathomed.During the prologue, the narrator spoke of when Anton used to hang out near the canal. It was at this point when Anton was ?lying on the grassy bank and staring in to the distance? that a numerous add up of foreshadowing occurred (Mulisch 5). The last thirteen lines of the prologue in The Assault, when the motorboat created a ripple effect, corresponded to how complicated the killing of Anton?s family really was. Anton saw the motorboat do the following(a)Pitching, their prows would tear the water into a V shape that spread until it reached both sides of the canal. There the water would suddenly begin to lap up and down, even though the boat was already far away. Then the waves bounced back and formed an inverted V, which interfered with the original V, reached the opposite shore transformed, and bounced back again-until all across the water a complicated ... ...d and left.Mulisch?s use of foreshadowing in the prologue allayed to how the rest of the novel would play out. His hints gave a broad scope of how that fateful night seemed so simple, but the underlying complexities led it to be a burden upon many people. The parallelism of the waves created by the motorboat and the cause and effect relationship of the night when Anton?s family was killed was prevalent throughout the novel. What Anton thought was a night that only affected him, in actuality affected many different people throughout the story. By reverting back to the prologue after the novel has been made and making connections throughout the book, the foreshadowing that Harry Mulisch used was clearly present. By analyzing a short and seemingly simple, yet late insightful, passage of the prologue, The Assault by Harry Mulisch can be understood at a higher level.

The Role of Foreshadowing in the Prologue of Harry Mulischs The Assaul

The prologue of a novel plays a crucial role in introducing the setting of the story. The prologue withal sets the tone of the tale and can sometimes hide vital information from the reader. The art of foreshadowing is often used in the prologue, and after reading through and through the story, regress back to the prologue can help connect the many themes and motifs that are prevalent throughout the narrative. A high-quality example of a prose with a prologue that is riddled with key foreshadowing is The Assault, by molest Mulisch. By analyzing a single passage of the prologue and comparing it with other small potions of the text, the foretelling of regularts in the prologue of The Assault by Harry Mulisch can easily be related to how Anton believed the killing of his family was a simple affair, when in reality, it was a more complicated incident than Anton could have fathomed.During the prologue, the narrator talk of when Anton used to hang out near the canal. It was at this po int when Anton was ?lying on the grassy bank and staring in to the distance? that a numerous amount of foreshadowing occurred (Mulisch 5). The last thirteen lines of the prologue in The Assault, when the motorboat created a ripple effect, corresponded to how complicated the killing of Anton?s family really was. Anton saw the motorboat do the followingPitching, their prows would tear the pissing into a V shape that spread until it reached both sides of the canal. There the water would suddenly begin to lap up and down, even though the boat was already far away. Then the waves bounced back and formed an inverted V, which interfered with the original V, reached the opposite shore transformed, and bounced back again-until all across the water a complicated ... ...d and left.Mulisch?s use of foreshadowing in the prologue allayed to how the rest of the novel would play out. His hints gave a broad scope of how that fateful night seemed so simple, that the underlying complexities led it to be a burden upon many people. The parallelism of the waves created by the motorboat and the cause and effect relationship of the night when Anton?s family was killed was prevalent throughout the novel. What Anton thought was a night that only affected him, in actuality affected many different people throughout the story. By reverting back to the prologue after the novel has been made and making connections throughout the book, the foreshadowing that Harry Mulisch used was clearly present. By analyzing a short and seemingly simple, yet deeply insightful, passage of the prologue, The Assault by Harry Mulisch can be understood at a higher level.

The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility

incorporate Social Responsibility Being a companion that prospers is in truth much different than a company that is consistently following a guided work ethic while make revenue. Companies these days whitethorn participate in under the table schemes or anything to make that extra buck. Very a few industries willingly follow corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility (which will now be referred to as CSR) is a business firms intention, beyond its legal and economic obligations, to do the undecomposed things and act in ways that are good for society. Dell Inc. is a showcase example of companies that oblige by CSR.Not only do they willingly do right by others, they were named Newsweeks 2010 Greenest Company in America. Almost everything they use from building to shipping is completely recyclable. They ship and package everything in material do out of bamboo called mushroom packaging. This sort of packaging is very durable and has the density to protect any he avy items in need of shipping. Mushroom packaging is very unique in the sense that it is grown and not manmade. Not only are they environment friendly in their use of the highly compostable mushroom packaging, they likewise give back.Dell knows how important it is to donate to charity and they want to create a relationship with whom they are donating money to. As stated in the article, Trisa Thompson, VP of Corporate Responsibility, offered that making a determination about which charitable, non-profit organizations to work with internationally must be undertaken with great care.. These are long-term relationships, not short-term, and need to be entered into guardedly and with sufficient due diligence. Dell likes to donate 1% of all pre-tax revenue to charities that support children and education.This company truly understands what it means to be successful. Rather than classifying successful as a company that earns substantial net income, they also put emphasis on using their po wer and money into making the world a ameliorate place. CSR is something every single company should take interest in but some CEOs just dont care for deprivation of a better word. They want to keep every penny for themselves. Cited Source 1) http//businessexecution. wordpress. com/2011/09/06/dell-issues-2011-corporate-social-responsibility-report/

Into the Wild Essay

Jon Krakauer, the author of Into the Wild, and Chris McCandless, the main character, share very similar stories and personalities. The best was in which these similarities are depicted is in chapters 14 and 15, when Krakauer inserts himself into the story. In these chapters Krakauer highlights a lot of parallels between himself and McCandless and through these highlights we can look at Krakauer as a presumable biographer because he has a deeper understand for McCandlesss motivations. Krakauer and McCandless have very similar obstacles and backgrounds which is exemplified in chapter 14. Both men at one point in breeding sought isolation, and more specifically, sought isolation with nature. Both thought they had something to prove, may it be to themselves or those around them.I was twenty-three, a year younger than Chris McCandless when he walked into that Alaska bush (Krakauer, 135). They are both(prenominal) two young men going out into the wilderness trying to live on their give birth and accomplish their own desired feat. Krakauer believed that since they shared similar challenges and characteristics, that their emotions and thoughts may have been the same too. No one really k in a flashs what McCandless was thinking at the time but Krakauer believes that he mat up some loneliness from time to time. Krakauer once believed that he could live without people and friends just like McCandless though, but Krakauer admits that every once in a slice he felt lonely so he infers that McCandless must have felt this same loneliness during his time in the wilderness.Krakauer also wants to elicit the comparing of their relationships with their fathers. My father was a volatile, extremely complicated person, possessed of a brash demeanor that masked deep insecurities (147). Both have fathers that they did non quite pop out along with and had tough relationships with. This also adds more credibility to Krakauer as a biographer as he shares yet another thing in commo n with McCandless. The motives of both characters are another important connection that must be made both characters shared resilience and were determined to succeed. Krakauers own account is now made even more crucial to the book as we now see that both characters shared similar motives and mindsets.After being denied once by Devils Thumb Krakauer is still determined to climb to the top. In truth my escapade on the north face had rattled me, and I didnt want to go up the Thumb again at all. But the thought of returning to Boulder in defeat wasnt very kindly either (146). This can be compared to McCandlesss strong belief in his ability to survive. McCandlesss journey had not been an easy one and he had not been very successful, yet he was still determined in his abilities and would not give in.The fact that Krakauer also shares a similar mindset as McCandless makes his verdict about McCandlesss life that much more credible. Krakauers most important claim is that McCandless did not commit suicide. Even though McCandless states in his final examination postcard to Westerberg that he may never make it out alive, he still strongly belives in his own abilities. McCandless was under the false notion that, if he was able to survive everything so far, then he could survive the rest of his journey.

Fate in Homer’s Iliad Essay

Talking about bunch as about the only absorb that determines the human actions means to refer to a term that vexes and limits the human condition. The fate is given by the reaction of gods, provided it is placed above people and gods.The gods record to the human existence to help or to oppress them. The success doesnt depend on the individual value, but on the support provided by Immortals, without whatsoever justification. Zeus is presented as the incarnation of a supreme force, but with an arbitrary will, whose manifestations trampt be predicted or avoided. The good and bad are related to criteria that deal nothing to do with virtue or justice.The two Homeric poems Iliad and Odyssey are perfect mirrors of the Greek culture. For centuries they put one over fed the Greek spirit and remained models imitated by the art works and the everyday ones. Ulysses and Achilles, who dominate throw their extraordinary personality, are models of the Greek combatant, Ulysses being presente d as an Apollonian hero and Achilles as a Dionysian hero.The fate is present in Iliad as an answer to the existence and role of man, being responsible for his actions and decisions. It also determines the demeanor of Gods, although they dont have a muckle and they can not be judged for the consequences of their acts, as they are immortals.solely once they reached the springs for the fourth time,Then Father Zeus held out his sacred golden scales In them he placed two fates of death that lays men low One for Achilles, one for Hector breaker of horses And gripping the beam mid-haft the Father raised it gameAnd down went Hectors day of doom, dragging him downTo the soaked House of Death.(Homer. The Iliad. Richmond Lattimore, translator. Chicago University of Chicago Press (1951) 22. 248-54)The Homeric epics are godly by a series of mythical and historical events, known all around the world. Iliad narrates.In the Book 1, Thetis, the mother of Achilles, tells him Doomed to a short li fe, you have so little time. / and not only short, now, but filled with heartbreak too, / more than all other men alive doomed twice oer (Homer. The Iliad. Richmond Lattimore, translator. Chicago University of Chicago Press (1951), 1. 496-98).The Trojan War was a military conflict from antiquity, between the city of troy and Achaeans. According to Greek mythology, the war started because Paris, the prince of Troy kidnapped Elena, Menelaus wife, the king of Sparta. This conflict is one of the nigh important events in the cycle of Greek myths, including the great Antique epic poems, Iliad and Odyssey, both written by Homer.The sky and the Earth are united by Zeus throw rain (Zeus ombrios, hyetios, ikma, ios), wind (Zeus urios, euanemos), thunder (Zeus astrapaios, bronton, keraunos), signs and oracles that transmit to the immortals from Erath the messages sent by the heavenly gods. The immortality, which is a precise boundary between humans and gods, in the eyes of Greeks, it repres ents an essential feature of Divine.In Homeric epics, especially in the Iliad, it is presented a merge between the world of gods and the world of humans. Each divinity acquired its own physiognomy, characterized by specific attributes. The relations between gods and humans, as they have been presented by Homer, raise numerous issues regarding the mould of Gods on the life on Earth, even on the psychology of heroes.Homer hates the war but recognizes its power. Achilles does not come out in the battlefield until Patroclus, his most beloved friend, was killed. In that moment of blind rage, Achilles has fulfilled fault, refusing Hector to pass throw the usual rituals, to reach on the land of Hades. In fact, from the beginning to the end, it can be noticed the power of fate. Paris kidnaps Elena, all the Trojans are affected by his act, but none of them try to send her back to Menelaus and all respect the beginning of the war.Sing, goddess, the rage of Achilles the son of Peleus,The des tructive rage that sent countless ills on the Achaeans (Iliad, Book 1)Being presumptuous, Agamemnon insists to take Briseis, a slave taken from the synagogue of Apollo, despite the heavy words and threats of Achilles. Regarding Achilles, it was not about fault, but about a prediction, as he was meant to choose either he wouldnt have known the greatness of conquering such a fortress and his name wouldnt have survived in time, either he wouldnt gone to Troy and would have died of natural death.Achilles, obviously refused the anonymity and died, but not before struggling with the god of a river, who was mad because of the various crimes committed by the hero in its waters. He managed to escape from this challenge, as he was helped by gods.The fate is also present in Athenas words, when she addresses to AchillesYes We will save your life this time too Master, mighty Achilles But the day of deathAlready hovers near, and we are not to blameBut a great god is and the strong force of fate . (19 . 483-86)The mens destiny is responsible for his death, and not the other men.The son of a great man, the mother who gave me life a deathless goddess. But even for me, I tell you, death and the strong force of fate are waiting.There will come a dawn or sundown or high noon when a man will take my life in battle too flinging a spear perhaps or whipping a deadly arrow off his bow. (Homer. The Iliad. Richmond Lattimore, translator. Chicago University of Chicago Press (1951) , 21. 122-28), said Achilles when he referred to his own fate.It is not about a clear hierarchy of the cosmic powers, as the Gods and fate are often perceived by the characters as being the same. A personified Fate or craziness answers to unclear questions about the human nature and inexplicable events.Iliad has a consistent subject, based on Achilles wrath. In the center of conflict, shines the absolute hero, the ruthless winner, violent and courageous, but also the sacrificed hero, who will spread death ar ound him. The name of Achilles is uttered by all soldiers, and Peleus, the father of Achilles, is desired and regretted by all. Achilles wanted to die in the war, but by an irony, he is killed by one of the most sympathetic of the heroes of Homer, a war novice- Paris, the shame and curse of Trojans.

Christians living

SOME nine hundred years ago, in 1096, the First Crusade was to the highest degree to begin. If you had lived in horse opera Europe then, you might have witnessed large movements of men, wagons, horses, and ships. They were headed for Jerusalem, the saintly city, which had been under the control of Muslims since the s even soth century C. E. That was the first of the Crusades. Many historians list eight major ones. These expeditions marred the history of East-West relations. They were accompanied by massacres and cruelty committed in the name of God and Christ. The last major Crusade began 174 years later, in 1270.The word entreat comes from the Latin word crux, which means cross. Members of the many expeditions sewed the symbol of the cross on their clothing. Why Crusades occurred? The declared motive for the Crusades was to take Jerusalem and the so-cal direct holy sepulcher from the Muslims. But the causes ran deeper. Except for a few incidents, relations between the professed Christians living in the Middle East and the Muslims had been relatively calm. An important factor that led to the Crusades was the turbulent political, economic, and unearthly climate that prevailed in Europe.In the 11th century, new rural lands were being given over to agriculture, in an effort to increase food production. urban center areas were enjoying new life. The population was growing. However, when a famine plunged large numbers of peasants into poverty, many poured into the cities, where unemployment and misery awaited them. Protests often erupted. At the top of the social hierarchy were many feudal barons. These professional warlords wanted to take advantage of the political vacuum created by the breakup of Charlemagnes empire and conquer new estates.The Church of capital of Italy was also experiencing a period of turmoil. In 1054 it lost control of the Eastern Church. In addition, many of the clergy were being accused of immorality and of meddling in politics. In th e course of time, other Crusades were mounted, the last in 1270. However, because of defeats, many began to doubt the legitimacy of such enterprises under taken in the name of religion. If God really approved of these holy wars, they thought, he would certainly have favored those who claimed to act with his blessing.Yet, from the 13th century, church jurists tried to justify such religious wars and the clergys role in them. Durig those time and even until now, People killing people in the name of religion in Northern Ireland has cost 2,079 lives in 12 years 144 of those policemen, says the Los Angeles Times. Though the sanctioned issue is civil rightsthe rights of the Catholic minority versus that of the Protestant majorityreligion is deeply involved, and both sides have resorted to a militant solution.The country has been transformed from a quiet backwater and stronghold of strict moral standards to a free-living, mid-20th century society, corrupted and changed by violent words an d deeds, writes Barry White in the Toronto Star. While, activist priests have taken to carrying guns in the north, according to Newsweek, Muslims in the south are fighting their holy war against Catholic majority rule.Conclusion THOUGH the world at large appears to be at peace, more than two dozen small wars flicker and rage around the globe . . . taking thousands of lives, says an Associated Press dispatch. Closer examination reveals the dismal justness that probably half or more of the wars now being fought around the world are either openly religious conflicts or involved with religious disputes, says newspaper columnist C. L. Sulzberger. The said Crusade affects the people in the community and so made them have their own perception of the war. Some commented negatively about the crusaders and some agreed to their aims. Different opinions occur on to which they support.But the Crusades and their failure should have taught that economic greed and desire for political prominence c an lead to fervency and massacre. But the lesson has been ignored. The evidence lies in the many conflicts that have continued to stain many parts of our planet with blood. In these, religion often serves as a front for abominations. References Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, What Do The Facts Show? , 22 March, 1982, pp. 4-5. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, Religions Role in Past Wars, 22 April 1972, pp. 11-15.

Research Paper on Statistics on Health Care Prescription Errors Essay

Research Paper on Statistics on Health Care Prescription ErrorsIntroductionRelation between Error in Healthcare ethical drug and the inconsistency in Technological informationBackground Information A lot of errors are occurring within the wellness care field lately. They result from many factors. Among the prescript causes of error are touchd to wrong prescription(prenominal)s. As indicated by Benjamin (770), one of the elements that play a critical role in this is the use of forward- ensureing technological methods. Computers have been used to aid in the computerized entry of prescription orders. For instance, Walgreens pharmacy, where I work is an online drug store that allows customers to purchase drugs over the internet. This poses a owing(p) danger of wrong order interpretations, inconsistencies and misfills. In the past, these have resulted in the possession of dangerous drugs, dosing errors and other mix-ups.Depending on the intensity of the prescription, they fuck re sult in unplayful injuries on the patient or even lead to fatality incidences. In turn, they lead to unnecessary court cases and legal suits that eventually cost many healthcare institutions and practitioners a lot of funds that are paid to cater for the damages (Carroll 52-8). For this, there is a necessity to examine the main causes of faulty prescriptions to fasten that much(prenominal) avoidable consequences are kept at their possible minimal rates. This paper explored the occurrence of prescription errors as a result of order entries at Walgreens. The principleconcerns that were dealt with in this study includeWhat are the common causes of drug inconsistencies at the pharmacy?What kind of information technology is used in the provision of proper prescription?Are there specific actions that are related to inconsistently provided information in the same prescription order entry?What dispensing errors are most potential to occur in an online drug store?Methodology The study w as prospective as it was comprised of 20 pharmacists from medical centers and Walgreens chemist, which is an online store based in Wasilla in Alaska. For rough 2 months, they issued a report about the inconsistent order entry of prescriptions. It was principally based on communication. As such, both primary and secondary info collection methodswere employed. Therefore, it included the use of surveys for the collection of first-hand information. In this sense questionnaires and interviews from the participantswereused to gather information for the data. For accuracy and proper validation, these were combined with secondarysources such as the national health statistics (Wu, Pronovost, Morlock 88). It involved the selection of 30 electronically retrieved prescriptions from the free text field for any comments on prescription errors with regard to Walgreens pharmacy. Thus, the study entailed the overall evaluation of 60 prescription records. data collection The data was used to capt ure the medication, focus dispensing errors and the types of inconsistencies in error. Among the elements to considered included dosage, incorrect drug, wrong quantity, inappropriate, piteous and incorrect labelling. The other elements that caused inconsistencies were inadequate directions for use, inappropriate packaging, preparation and storage of medication originally dispensing. It was necessary to use predictive values to determine when the normative errors are likely to be higher.Data analysis The data was entered in a Microsoft database. 30 records were selected randomly to validate the data. From research, 99.7% of these are expected to be correct. Descriptive statistics characterized inconsistency. Some of the determinants of error such as inpatients and outpatients, analgesics and antibiotics, those that are less frequently prescribed and those on high alert wereanalyzed. They will be provided for harm categories where t tests and 2 tests will be used. matte variable s made use of the Fisher test for categorical variables of 2 levels and the 2 for those with more than 2. Statistical significance or =.05 were applied to test predators with the Wald 2 test. In this study, the regression model of multivariantlogistics method of data analysis will be used. The method will mainly identify different factors in communication prescriptive errors in relation to their severity. It will make use of a generalized approach with estimated equations.Results The results were filled in the table below Similar names and packages Medications not commonly used or prescribed Commonly used medication where patients are allergic Medication that need proper testing for proper therapeutical administration Entry and confirmation of prescription Zeros and abbreviations Organized workforce and reduction of distraction and stress Patient counselling Storage Dispensing incorrect drug 40% 20% 2% 2% 10% 5% 10% 11% Dose 20% 30% 10% 5% 20% 10% 5% 5% Dosage form 8% 2% 1% 5% 50% 10% 20% 4% Quantity 1% 20% 1% 3% 10% 30% 20% 15% Administration time 1% 5% 3% 2% 10% 30% 40% 9% Wrong labeling 30% 30% 5% 2% 10% 5% 10% 8% Inadequate directions 5% 20% 10% 10% 5% 2% 10% 38% Inappropriate preparation, packaging and storage 20% 40% 5% 1% 1% 5% 29% 1% in writing(p) Representation of the resultsFindings It was discovered that at a pharmacy such as Walgreens where about 250 prescriptions entries are made in a day, about 4 errors occur. Reports relate these to a higher rate of inconsistent communication. The principle cause was drug dosage. There were also some drugs that were associated with a higher rate of overdosing and incorrect prescriptions when compared to others. Thus, in relation to this study, it was evident that medical centers that have a higher flow of patients and the chances of admission have higher rates of errors when compared to other private clinics and chemists.Conclusion It is primal that the laid down professional ethics are adhered to in different fields. This is especially within the medical field where a slight mistake can lead to devastating consequences. Therefore, healthcare providers are always obligated to use the knowledge that they acquired in their studies as well as new knowledge and practices appropriately. They should ensure that drugs are prescribed in the most appropriate ways to avoid errors. In particular, computerized drug entries should be counterchecked to eliminate disparities. However, owing to the continuous change in the nature of disease processes and hence the production of advanced drug formulas, there is need to conduct more research. These will provide more guidance to set about safe drug prescription by providers of healthcare services using new technological methods.Recommendations The employees at Walgreens need to reduce the rates of prescription errors to befriend retain customers and avoid unnecessary lawsuits. Some of the steps they can take are to ensure the correct entry of prescriptions. These should be confirmed. They should be careful with drugs that look alike and sound alike as well as take care with zeros and abbreviations. They should make the workplace organized and reduce distractions, stress and heavy workloads as much as possible. They should also ensure that drugs are stored properly and check all prescriptions. The most important thing is to ensure that patients are cancelled before taking the drugs.ReferencesBenjamin, D. M. Reducing medication errors and increasing patient safety case studies inclinical pharmacology. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.20034376883.Carroll, P. Medication issues the bigger picture.RN. 200366(1)528.Wu, A. W., Pronovost, P., and Morlock, L. ICU misadventure reporting systems.Journal of CriticalCare. 200617(2)8694Source document

Garden City Essay

literary works foc functions on the study of literary texts, developing students as independent, innovative, and creative learners & thinkers, who appreciate the aesthetic use of style, evaluate perspectives and evidence and challenge idea and interpretations.Literature explores how literary works shape the perceptions of the world and enable us to enter other worlds of imagination.Through lit, we bring and articulate views through creative response & logical argument. We reflect on the literary texts, appreciate the power of language and inquire into relationships between personal election of texts, authors and contexts through exploration of ideas, concepts, attitudes and set.The following enumerates the rationale of the concur, Ang Panitikan at Kulturang Pilipino.RATIONALETo be able to identify and give meaning to literature.Identify the different forms of Philippine Literature. assure the similarities and differences of different forms of literature based on elements and i ts characteristics.Have a deeper understanding on the various forms of Philippine Literature.To be able to differentiate the different forms and kinds of literature for the enrichment of ones understanding on Philippine elaboration.Give importance to the elements and qualities of Philippine Literature through reading.Give importance to the different aspects of life, be it personal, moral, social, proportional to the study of literature. This book is both a study, a research, and the information itself. The basis of the data focuses on the title itself, which points to the Philippine Literature and Culture. Different insights from different authors and civilization of the Philippine History were bounded up, c befully and profoundly detailed with the remarks of the authors itself are of the most significance as to the book overview. Philippine Culture is a compartmentalisation of cultures from different conquerors, whichshaped it to a unique formation of classical and cultural dis tinction throughout the country. Since there are cultural uniqueness and emphasis of the books overall study, it is a very good reference to any individual who would like to pursue the Philippine History.From the passed-down ethnic stories and poems to the height of the changes of the Philippine Literature, and of peck who use their literary skills to express their different views towards their own truth and views, this book wrote the wholeness of the culture in respect to the ethnical diversity. As I father observed, the highlight of the book is mostly the works of the Philippine savers who created their own expressions and definitely a work of art, which I must say, I read from the main ideas of the stories they included. shared into ten chapters, from the relation of Literature and History, the Philippine inherited cultures and traditions, folk narratives, different religious beliefs, literal works, Philippine History itself and how it affects the cultural changes, to the poe ms and stories of famous personas of Philippine Literature.In a holistic cultural perspective, the different cultures and traditions, their origin, relationship to each other, uniqueness, and their work of arts greatly shapes the beauty of the Philippine History, Culture and Literature. Despite the difference, the Filipino values are buried deep on every hearts of every tribe, every belief and every religious view of a Filipino towards the literature. We exponent adapt to different environment or stick to our own traditions, came from different origins or bonded by the same blood, the passion towards the Filipino literature and culture are of the same. Reading with the passion of knowing the Philippine Literature will lead the very significance of the book. I, being a Filipino, would grow up studying and educating myself with the culture, language and standards of other countries abroad, but know a few of mine.Like me, a hooking of students suffer from this lack of cultural intere st, knowing that I must do a detailed research to feed my mind of the different cultures of my country, and will engulf me to stop engaging more. With this book review, I learned a lot and felt like I had a cultural tour with the literature. I love how they defined the importance of the literature on the first page of Chapter 1, which by means I will quote Literature is the expression of a persons emotion towardsthe world, the living, the society and government, and the relationship of the soul to the Creator. (Bro. Azarias, Philosophy of Literature)Literature is expression itself, a very easy approach to its meaning. One thing I learned from this book aside of its background study of the Philippine culture is that, whatever I do everyday marks my own literature. It doesnt have any formal requirement in it. Everything that occupies every single command of the vision of the eye, is literature itself. And putting it to expression is an art. What you understand is your truth, whether it is not the same for every people, we have our own jurisdiction who separates our own way of understanding our literature and culture. Thus, this book did not only educate me, but gave me a great weapons I can truly be proud of the limit of my imagination, and my pen. the guts to write bravely of what they see around them the pain and the ugliness of the world as well as the beauty and the joy of it, the triumphs of life as well as its surrenders, mans mean desires as well as the noble ambition that exalt him. (S.P. Lopez)

The Effect of Neurotransmission on Human Behavior

1. 2 Using one or more examples, explain effects of neurotransmission on homophile behavior Our nervous systems consist of between 10 to 100 billion neurons each of which making 13 trillion connections with each other through electrochemical messages that allow people to respond to stimuli, from the environment or from internal changes in a persons body. The neurons send these electrochemical messages through neurotransmission.Electrical impulses traveling slash the axon (body) of a neuron, instigates the release of neurotransmitters, which travel over the synapse, which is the gap between two neurons. Once the neurotransmitters overcome the synapse, they go into receptor sites on the post-synaptic membrane of a neuron, and after having passed on the message, they are either disordered down or reabsorbed by the terminal buttons of the neuron, in a process known as reuptake. Neurotransmission has been shown to consider a large range of human behaviors.Serotonin is a neurotransmit ter that effects sleep, arousal levels, and emotion. In a 1999 muse at Tokyo University, its effects were seen. Kasamatsu and Hirai conducted this study in order to examine the way that sensory deprivations affects the brain. They examine a group of monks going on a 72-hour pilgrimage without food or water. The monks endured the weather without tribute from the cold, and didnt speak among themselves. Two thirds of the way through the pilgrimage, the hallucinations began, taking the shape of ancient ancestors, or hardly a presence at their side.Blood samples, taken immediately after the monks reported their hallucinations, were compared to blood samples taken antecedent to the pilgrimage, and showed increased serotonin levels. These increased serotonin levels activated the hypothalamus and the frontal cortex, causing the monks hallucinations. Kasamatsu and Hirai were sufficient to conclude that sensory deprivation caused increase in serotonin levels, which altered the monks per ception and behavior. Neurotransmitters, like serotonin, go off play a large role in human behavior.However, it is considered reductionist to rely solely on them to explain human behavior they only play a role and cant be held fully responsible for behavior. Research and increased knowledge of neurotransmission has led to the development of drugs that can either take over a neurotransmitter in the case of a deficiency, or block a receptor site if in that respect are excessive neurotransmitters. Understanding how neurotransmitters can affect behavior has led to the development of these drugs, which have helped many a(prenominal) people.

Women informal labor

Throughout the 20th century women in Mexico have endured poverty and found it necessary to venture out into the workplace as a means of subsistence. The increase in industrialism during the time fol busteding the Mexican revolutions changed the methods of work indoors Mexico City and transform workers lives. This era saw more women entering the work force. The type of work given(p) women in Mexico was primarily in the areas of cigarette and garment making (Porter, 2003).Such occupation ensured that Mexican women spent several hours a day functional in factories and performing repetitive actions. These women routinely worked double shifts, and though lower working hours were generally granted to married women, even these women were often required to work well beyond the conventionality working day (Tun, ). However, women soon began branching out into a wider variety of occupations, and especially since the 1995-95 economic crisis, some women have entered the versed labor for ce.The male dominated culture has traditionally kept women from advancing in Mexican business, and this has been a major contributor to womens strong position in the sexual thriftiness. This is specifically due to the general uneducated character of the female population, as well as the patriarchal mastermind that prevents qualified women from being hired over men (Nolan, The official age of the female work force lies between 20 and 24, though since the crisis this has increased to 39 years. In contrast to this, the age range of women in economies of developed countries rises up to 60 years and beyond (In Mexico City proper, the percentage of females employed in the informal economy is close to 49% (ILO, 2002).Since the informal economy accounts for approximately 64% of all Mexicos commerce, women do guide significantly to the economy. However, the compensation granted them as a result of their being a part of the informal economy in a developing field is far below that of the ir counterparts in the developed military man (2002).Women in Mexico City are by far more able to get work in the domestic and agricultural fields than in any area of labor (ILO, 2002). Some of these women, having no new(prenominal) skills, must settle for such(prenominal) work that no one else will perform. The nature of the tasks themselves, such as cleaning toilets and handling other unsavory waste, makes it likely that the women work out of desperation and for very low wages.Other work done in agriculture and manufacturing is done in entrepreneurial fashion, but at such small scales that the profits to be gained are marginal. Despite this, the money earned by these women is approximately three times as high as the nominal wage that currently exists in the country (2002). Furthermore, this wage level lies below the per capita income received on a national levelplacing women still within a dominant position in the country.A significant portion of the work done in the informal e conomy is actually done for legitimate firms, but through subcontracts where workers work off lay (ILO, 2002). Though this presents a brighter prospect for informal workers, only few women get a chance to act in this kind of work, and it does not represent a significant portion of the Mexican informal economy. In contrast, most of the work done in the informal economies of developed countries exists in this form and much of it is performed by women (ILO, 2002).When this work can be obtained by Mexican women, much of it is done perennially and women are granted contracts for only three or four months at a time. The problem is that the women who work under such conditions are not given the full range of benefits that are granted to those with full time status. Because informal jobs are held by the vast majority of the women in Mexico Citys workforce, it follows that most women in the workforce are forced to work without benefits. However, even women who work under these conditions f are better than those who work in other areas of the informal economy.The fact that Mexican womens wages in the informal economy lies preceding(prenominal) minimum wage loses its potency when one considers the loss of purchasing power suffered by the Mexican minimum wage during the 1990s. This fact places Mexican women in a bad position compared with their counterparts in the developed world. Women of number one world countries (such as South Africa and the United States) who engage in informal labor are generally found to perform home-based work. Such jobs are generally of a much more sophisticated nature involving modern technology and commanding much higher wages.This fact points toward the relative difference between the study levels of women in Mexico compared with their counterparts in the developed world. A notable exception is in the similarity that might be found between women workers in Mexico many women within the informal domain South Africa. This is especially as it regards persons of the South African lower class who, as a relic of the Apartheid tradition, engage also in domestic, agriculture, and manufacturing work. However, as a general rule, women who work in the informal economy of Mexico City perform more manually grueling work for less pay and compensation than their first-world counterparts (Arizpe, 1997 ILO, 2002).ReferencesArizpe, L. (1997). Women in the informal labor sector the case of Mexico City. The women, gender, and development reader. Dhaka University Press Limited.ILO. (2002). Women and men in the informal economy a statistical picture. Employment Sector, International Labour Office. Geneva.Nolan, J. P. (1999). Mexico business the portable encyclopedia for doing business with Mexico. New York World grapple Press.Porter, S. (2003). Working women in Mexico City. Tucson University of Arizona Press.Tun, J. (1999). Women in Mexico a past unveiled. Austin U. of Texas Press.

Coming of age is a prominent theme in Her First Ball by Katherine Mansfield Essay

Coming of come on is a prominent theme in Her runner puffiness by Katherine Mansfield. It is expressed in the plot, wherein an insubstantial young lady attends her first musket glob and is fascinated and thrilled by it all. Her hopes atomic number 18 then let quite a little by an former(a)er gentle human who cruelly reminds her that she will in brief be an old lady with no happiness and excitement left in her life. Mansfield depicts the theme of development up in title, langu progress, literary devices and characterization.The title, Her setoff goon, clearly states the subject of the story while maintaining the implications of growth and ageing. The use of the pronoun, her, instead of the name, Leila, shows how ubiquitous this process- how every woman has had a first ball that is a miles tincture in their journey to adulthood. This reiterates the notion that Leila, resembling everyone else will grow up and will no longer be the ecstatic young girl in awe of everything, whether it be for better or worse. The word first implies youth and the swap that comes with ageing. It suggests legion(predicate) more(prenominal) balls and experiences to come and marks this ensuant as a milestone in her life.Another technique Mansfield uses to express the theme of growing up in the story is the language. The language in Her First Ball is extremely descriptive and ornate. She uses irony in I cant see a angiotensin converting enzyme invisible hairpin. This adds to the humor of the story. This besides suggests the idiocy and stupidity of the youth, lost in the thrilling chaos of the ball. Mansfield also uses elaborate phrases to capture the magnificence of the ball and how Leila feels about it such as the alliterative phrase, gleaming princely floor. The wrangling gleaming and golden both represent an epitome of beauty and splendor that is contrasted with descriptions from Leilas school. The phrase dusty smelling hall- with calico texts on the wall provides a juxtaposition between Leilas past and her present to show beyond doubt the changes in her life as she ages.An additional conniption of language that brings out the significant experience of the ball is the register used in Her First Ball. It is one of informal 18th century British English. Mansfield uses words and phrases such as Twig, Oh, I say and Pardon. This adds to the authenticity of he story and emphasizes the setting and time.The tone used in Her First Ball changes often in the story, which adds to the notion of change and growth. Although, its a third person narrative, it captures Leilas feeling very effectively in the tone. At the start of the story, the tone is one of excitement and anxiety. Leila feels uncertain yet thrilled about how the ball will be and also feels slightly out of emerge being a country girl. She expresses her doubts and the tone is also one of wistfulness and longing to be like everyone else. As the story progresses, the tone becomes more ecstati c and admiring of the ball. The hall, the people and the experience is absolutely thrilling to Leila.This excitement is represent in the tone until she converses with the fat, old man. He reminds her that this is only temporary and this happiness will soon be replaced with a feeling of sadness and longing to be youthful once again. This brings upon a new tone into the story- one of dismay and dread. Leila knows its inevitable and her visions of a life of ecstasy and come crashing down. However, the tone soon changes to one of renewed happiness and everlasting joy. The harmony changes to something better and she loses herself in the dance, forgetting the words of the fat man forgetting him altogether. The frequent changes in tone conceivably represent the changes in life that come with ageing and development.The medicinal drug plays an important part in the story, mirroring the feelings of Leila. with rabbit ears thumping the cold piano is a description of Leilas boarding school dance lessons that were uncomfortable and a drag to her. This contrasts with a flocculent, melting, ravishing tune. The words chosen describe the music as an art or even as a food- soft, melting. This shows the overwhelming joy Leila feels in the fantastic ball. However, after the fat old man reminds Leila of her fate, the music seemed to change it sounded sad, sad. The music that once rose upon a wave now rose upon a sigh. This illustrates the quick changes in mood symptomatic of the youth, the gullibility and naivety as well. Even more so, Leila doesnt even recognize him with the advent of another dance and has forgotten her dreadful encounter, which adds to the notion of the growing up and the mercurial changes in adolescence.Perhaps the most potent techniques to show the theme of ageing are the literary devices used. Mansfield uses an array of similes, metaphors and imagery to capture the scene and Leilas emotions. The metaphor all became one delightful flying wheel expresses Leilas intense happiness and high spirits. The old man, the antagonist, is described with the simile his finish looked as if it was dusty with French chalk. It shows his lack of involvement in the ball and in its customs that comes with age. Another sign of this is when Leilas partners were not more interested and joyful about the ball as she was. This shows the inevitable mellowing down that Leila will, like everybody else, achieve. The author also uses visual imagery at the end of the story to show how the reminder of the inexorable affects Leila. Although she is initially dissatisfied, she soon notices that the stars they had long beams like intimation. This phrase with striking visual imagery marks the end of her presently period of unhappiness and signifies her change in mood to once again being delighted.This leads to an important idea in the story, that adds to the characterization of Leila. The old mans attempt to remind her of her destiny, however cruelly done, is quite true. Leila remembers this for only a short period of time before returning to her admiring self. This shows that the reminder of her future has fallen on deaf ears and that Leila is so intent on having a good time she forgets her worries and perhaps that she simply doesnt consider the advisory anything more than a bitter mans negative opinion. Her lack of heed to her wake up call indicates the naivety of the youth. She is quick to forget unpleasant experiences rather than to learn from them and ignores the prospect of growing up entirely as it upsets her.An important idea in the story is one of symbolism. There are many symbols in the story, Leila being on of youth. She represents the curiosity and happiness of adolescence along with the gullibility and inanity. She lives in the present, which is seen both positively and negatively in the story. Her ability to concentrate on the current happenings result in her extreme joy and thrill from the dancing and fun of the ball but also result in her sadness on meeting the fat man. The ball changes from her heaven to a place where she must face her inexorable cast down fate. However, it is this quality of hers that leads her to forget her bad memory and move on to the pleasures of life, even if they are short lived.The sure-enough(a) man on the other hand, could be a symbol of wisdom. When he first meets her he says Do I remember this bright little face although hes obviously never seen her before. This creates an airwave of eerie knowledge around him. His shabby appearance and the feature that he dances with the youth despite his age sets him apart from the rest of the gentlemen and marks him as different. His age, his correct conjecture that its Leilas first ball and his accurate prediction of her future signifies that he perhaps plays the role of a symbol of wisdom and knowledge. The fact that Leila forgets him suggests her immaturity and her inability to see past the present.Thus, Mansfield perhaps tries t o achieve the notion of the pettiness and fatuity as well as happiness and celebration of the youth in the story and its contents. She uses the plot to describe an incident where Leila is at her most happy and later, probably her least. The ending of the story shows Leilas resilience, or rather, her ignorance. While concentrate on on the theme of coming of age, I feel that Mansfield used the many effective literary techniques and the induction of the story to show that Leila has, essentially, not matured.

A poetic form for philosophical contemplation Essay

The Ode is used as a poetic form for philosophical contemplation. comparability two odes by Keats in the light of this observation Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to a nightingale were written in May 1819, a time in Keats life which he devoted merely to poetry. Both of these poems contemplate the poets approaching death, using stimuli of what is on the face of a Grecian vase and the strain of a nightingale. There are differences and similarities between the two poems, and both pull up stakes be looked at in the essay. Both of the above poems are odes. An ode is a form of poetry about emotion.First used by the Romans and Greeks, the form was revived in England in the 17th century. The form was popular among the English Romantic poets. A typical verse of an ode consists of a quatrain with a hoar structure of ABAB and a sestet with a rhyme structure of CDECDE. However, Keats tended to be more liberal with his rhyme structures in his odes. Keats was born(p) in 1795 and was the go bo rn of the English romantic poets He became interested in poetry through his secondary school headmaster, who introduced him to reincarnation poetry and so the ode.Both of his parents died before he turned fifteen, so he became familiar with deviation at an early age. His most famous sets of poems were his odes and these were written as Keats tuberculosis worsened in 1819. He died in 1821. There are two main themes in Keats odes beauty and death. It is obvious beauty is looked at intently in Ode on a Grecian Urn, as the urn seems to tell the poet in the second to last line Beauty is truth, truth beauty,. Keats firstly tries to tell the reader what the urns figures think of beauty.They see ecstasy in beauty, as they are in wild ecstasy to be with fair women and listen to pipes and timbrels. Because they will be youthful forever, Keats tells them this is all ye need to know, as ignorance is bliss. Beauty is also looked at in Ode to a Nightingale The nightingale is similar to the urns individuals, because it is able is to quite forget the horror of honest-to-god age and can forever fly free above hungry generations of people. Unlike the Urn, its plaintive hymn fades without actually helping the author in any way.

Unit 26

Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production Assignment Brief Television & Film social unit 26 Film Studies Title Analytical Approaches and relationships amidst Films and their Production Context stratum 2013 Group Year 12 Assignment Hand come out of the closet Assignment Deadline Assessor / /2013 Draft Submission / /2013 G. Rushworth Final Submission / /2013 This shortened has been approved by Date J. MacKay Jan 13 Context This unit aims to fall apart learners understanding of how take ons are created for precise audiences and how they make meaning for those audiences through an exploration of industry practices and the application of a roll out of theoretical approaches. The insights that learners develop will inform their future performance work. Learning Outcomes Unit Be adequate to apply contrasting analytical approaches to films 26. 1 Understand the relationship amongst films and their chance uponment contexts 26. 2 Useful Resources www. imdb. com Film website with range of industry and film information www. empireonline. co. uk Possibly words biggest and best film magaizine with huge clog up catalouge of reviews/features There is a very large selection of DVDs available in Media Studies.Just ask a Media teacher to take a look. +-+ Task 1 Analytical Approaches PASS Using the analytical approaches of writing style analysis, subject field analysis and auteur theory, create a ? P1 detailed discussion of the gangster genre. You will look at the film Goodfellas, and extracts from The Godfather, Scarface, American Gangster and Lock Stock and Two Smoking Barrels. ? Your discussion of the genre may be do as a 1400 word report, or as a fifteen minute might Point presentation with accompanying notes. In your analysis of the gangster genre you should also consider the next ? Codes and Conventions Iconography Findings from both your cl oy and textual analysis Narrative structure Audience Readings ? moral excellence In appendix M1 Relevant examples that draw upon elements or enlarge of the films studied will be precondition to assert what is said, alone you will not describe these examples to show how they illustrate the point they ? support. In discussing codes and conventions in a genre analysis you might note The knife is part of the iconography of the horror photographic film and is often the means by which the dupe is killed.In 12 of the 15 movies I studied for my content analysis a knife was employ for at least one of the murders and in five it was procedure for all of them. The other two coarse means of killing were strangulation with a rope and with the black hands. Knives afford connotations of slashing movements and burbly blood. The nearly famous example of this must be the shower scene in Hitchcocks Psycho. Being knifed to finish is particular ly frightening because you can see the person killing you.Its not wish well shooting, which is done at a distance and is a lots more cold-blooded way of killing. This is why the hired gun is the conventional weapon in gangster movies like Scarface. DISTINCTION Ideas will be developed and points support with arguments and well concentrate examples which are D1 elucidated in such a way as to draw out of the example precisely what it is around it that ? exemplifies the point it illustrates. Examples will refer to precisely defined elements or details of the films studied.In discussing codes and conventions in a genre analysis you might note The knife is part of the iconography of the horror movie and is often the means by which the victim is killed. In 12 of the 15 movies I studied for my content analysis a knife was used for at least one of the murders and in five it was used for all of them. The other two common means of killing were strangulation with a rope and with the bare hands.What these methods all have in common is that they involve close bodily contact between the victim and the killer, which makes the murder more frightening, unlike shooting which is done at a distance and is a much more cold-blooded way of killing. This is why the gun is the conventional weapon in gangster movies like Scarface or war movies like Platoon, where the killing of Elias by Barnes shows how far apart they are morally as well as physically and Barness act seems even more calculating because it is so wakeful and deliberate. Knives have developed connotations through intertextuality that are specific to horror movies, such as slashing movements and gushing blood. In the most famous example of this the shower scene in Hitchcocks Psycho we neer actually see the murderer, but we do see the movement of the knife repeated over and over again, and the blood swirli ng down the shower outlet as though it is just water. Task 2 Relationship Between Films And Their Production Contexts PASS Empire, an established film magazine, wants you to write an illustrative article (800 words) about P2 Hollywoods Goodfellas (1990) and Britains Lock Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998). ? You can use your notes from labor movement 1 to help you. Your article will look at the relationship each film has with the ware company and the factors that influence that relationship. Your article should discuss the following Stars Social issues Regulatory bodies Financial determinants Distribution and exposition Vertical and horizontal ntegration Synergies between different films ? You will ensure your article looks professional. You should add stills from both films, and use appropriate font and layout. MERIT You will talk about the relationships between production contexts and films, in such a way as to M2 show why they are the way they are, or the effects they have on the films that are produced. ? Relevant examples that draw upon elements or details of the films studied will be given to support what is said. Relevant factual information about production contexts will be offered although it will not be used to support developed argument. DISTINCTION You will talk critically about the relationships between production contexts and films, justifying D2 points ? made with supporting arguments or evidence. You will draw out of an example precisely what it is about it that exemplifies the point it illustrates.Material about production contexts will be well researched and will refer to precisely focused elements or details of the film/films studied. You will provide full and extensive explanations and consistently provide arguments to support points made. Relevant examples that draw upon elements or details of the films studied will be given to support what is said. counseling for this Assignment Task ? To achieve a PASS grade, the evidence must show that you are able to P1 Apply approaches to analysing films with some appropriate use of subject terminology 1 P2 Describe the relationship between films and their production contexts with some appropriate use of subject 2 terminology To achieve a MERIT grade, the evidence must show that you are able to M1 Apply approaches to analysing films coherently with reference to detailed illustrative examples and generally1 correct use of subject terminology M2 Explain the relationship between films and their production contexts with reference to detailed illustrative 2 examples and generally correct use of subject terminology To achieve a DISTINCTION grade, the evidence must show that you are able to D1 Apply approaches to analysing films critically, supporting points with arguments and elucidated examples and 1 consistentl y using subject terminology correctly D2 Comprehensively explain the relationship between films and their production contexts with elucidated examples2 and consistently using subject terminology correctly Tutors Feedback Referral What the learner should do Tutors Signature/Date IV Signature/Date disciples Feedback Learners Signature/Date Grading Criteria Text taken directly from criteria in BTEC guidelines

Theory Bases and Theory Constructs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theory Bases and Theory Constructs - Essay ExampleWoodrow Wilson is viewed as the pioneer of public governing. Wilson made a distinction between policy-making science and public disposition. He asserted that public administration is a detailed systematic masking of law. Before his distinction, public administration was regarded as a branch of political science. Frank Goodnow concurred with Woodrow and added that politics formulate policies and the administration executes these policies.Public administration has been largely taken as a science by related disciplines in the social sciences. Public administration encompasses study of people tortuous in managerial and administrative tasks in the various state organs. Theory bases are very of import in reaching a discernible conclusion round a certain phenomenon. Public administration is conducted differently according to the various types and settings of organizations.Bureaucracy is evident in almost all organizations (Milakovich & Gordon, 2013) this gives rise to the application of the bureaucratic theory of administration. The theory was put forth by Marx Weber. He argued that, the core aspect of administration is determining who gives command to whom. Marx asserted that domination is common characteristic in an organisation. According to Marx, domination elbow room the precedent relations between the ruled and their leaders. Consequently he added that legitimacy in exercise of power in any established authority is contributed by numerous beliefs in the organizations setting. control brings about the request for administrative apparatus (Farazmand, 2002). For domination to be concurrent with its intended purpose, there is need to establish an administrative staff to execute demands and serve as a link between the leader (government) and led. Marx established certain constructs of domination tradition, charismatic and legal domination. Legitimacy in traditional domination is brought about by inheritance , legal

Leading Causes of Homelessness by State in the USA Statistics Project

hint Causes of Homelessness by State in the USA - Statistics Project ExampleFrom the results, we obtain that the leading cause of homelessness is unemployment among the people, Unemployment, saving, inflation, Below_povert, call down population, homelessness population, AA- house, home percent.The study will review statistics from the last 34 years leading cause of homelessness by state in the USA starting 1980 to 2013.The primary independent variable is labor force and the new(prenominal) three independent variables Unemployment, saving, inflation, Below_povert, state population, homelessness population, AA- housing, home percent. In this study these variables will be explored and the correlation among the dependent variable, homelessness, which is determined by the independent variables, will be studied. There seems to be two stems of donnish enquiryers, in which one continues to support the high-selling prices of the houses in USA and its positive impact to the economy, the y believe that the main purposes of enthronement in real estate business is to improve real economic value. It is also agreed that housing leads to improvement in productivity, innovation, and job creation in every field of economy (Kraemer and Dedrick 1996). The other group criticizes the bad impact of high-selling prices of the houses on economy and the fact that high-selling prices lead to the development of low house property leading to the development of slums around the big cities and towns (Hollenstein, 2004). As all this is being said, only little is before long known, for instance, about the real factors that lead to high selling prices of the houses (Lepak and Snell, 1998). So to support other studies regarding the pros and cons of selling prices of the houses, this research will provide an adequate survey to see which overcomes which, pros or cons.The Dependent variable, homelessness, is defined as mentioned above,

Exchange Traded Option Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

switch Traded Option Markets - Essay Example(Christopher, 2001 45-57) However, most exchange-traded natural selections atomic number 18 standardized. There are a set act of strikes and expiry dates available, and it is not generally possible to trade options on the shares of smaller companies. By contrast, in the otc grocery store dealers will sell and buy options on a wide range of shares, as immense as they butt joint find a way to manage the risks associated with such(prenominal) deals. Also, dealers contribute a enormous variety of non-standard contracts known collectively as exotic options. (John, 2002 110-118)On some exchanges and with some contracts the buyer of an option is not required to pay the extensive premium at the outset. Instead, the purchaser deposits initial margin that is a proportion of the premium due on the contract. In the case of the separate stock options traded on LIFFE, the full premium is payable upfront. (Zuhayr, 2001, 63-70) However, the wr iters of options are subject to margin procedures. They must deposit initial margin at the outset, and will be required to make additional variation margin payments via their brokers to the clearing house if the place moves into loss. (Gordon, 2001 121-129) The initial margin depends on the degree of risk involved, calculated according to factors such as the determine and volatility of the underlying and the time to expiry of the contract. In practice, in order to cover margin calls, brokers oft ask for more than the minimum initial margin figure stipulated by the clearing house.The derivatives exchanges also offer listed option contracts on major equity indices such as the S&P 500, the FT-SE 100 and the DAX. Contracts are of cardinal main kinds. Some are options on equity index futures, and exercise results in a long or short futures position. Other contracts are settled in cash against the spot value of the underlying index. If a call is exercised the payout is based on the s pot index level less the strike. If a put is exercised the payout is based on the strike less the spot index level. Options on indices and other baskets of shares can also be purchased directly from dealers in the OTC market. (Dimitris, 2000 90-102)Some dealing houses issue securities called covered warrants which are longer-dated options on shares other than those of the issuer. Warrants are usually listed and trade on a stock market such as the London Stock Exchange. The term covered means that the issuer is writing an option and hedges or covers the risks involved, often by trading in the underlying shares. (Austin, 2000 73-81) Warrants are purchased by both institutional and retail investors (historically the retail market has been more active in Germany than in the UK). (Christopher, 2001 45-57) Warrants can be calls or puts and written on an individual share or a basket of shares. They are sometimes settled in cash, and sometimes with the physical delivery of shares.UK Stock Options on LIFFETable 1 shows some recent prices for stock options on Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc (RBOS) traded on LIFFE. These are the offer or sale prices for contracts posted by dealers placed on the exchanges electronic dealing system, LIFFE Connect. At the time the quotations were taken the options had just over two weeks remaining until expiry and the underlying RBOS share price was 1781

Architectural Forms in the Computer Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Architectural Forms in the computing machine Age - Essay ExampleMore evidently it has resulted in the translation of interlocking geometrical forms into architectural designs. This can be perceived by observing the innovative and complex forms that the later grammatical constructions predominantly adopt.As seen by Bart Lootsma (Zellner 1999), instead of trying to validate conventional architectural thinking in a different realm, our strategy today should be to infiltrate computer architecture with other media and disciplines to produce a bare-ass crossbreed. Computational design processes is characterized by flexibility, speed, precision and the fact that it allows one to clearly visualize the forms and spaces with the help of spirit and rendering. Hence the use of computer engineering science in architecture is highly rewarding and leads to solutions for a consequence of issues. The common most positive outcome is that it has become increasingly easier to conceptualize comple x geometrical forms and put to death various calculations upon it to generate a design that can be practically executed. The technology also allows performing complex structural and environmental calculations with the output data giving precise information regarding the buildings performance in various aspects. Further, the modifications and improvements in design have become extremely rapid and it has become highly satisfied to transfer or share data and information between the team members of a project, at propagation sitting across the globe. This technology also offers great precision as compared to manual work. The word Digital architecture refers to the architecture that is generated with this kind of high end computer technology. Such architecture does not only deal with the innovation of forms but also with the construction and fabrication of the building on site with the use of computers. This essay explains and describes the computational architectural technology in th e digital age through design process, design analysis and building construction process of some recent projects. The role of CAD-CAM It is only since the last few years that the ready reckoner Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) have began influencing the field of architecture. Realizing of complex and geometrical shapes became possible with the foundation of this technology. This has helped in realizing possibility to design and construct buildings which seemed to be difficult and expensive when designed in the traditionalistic manner. Note the below placed images of the Empire State building and the millennium tower in Tokyo, the cause resembles the architecture of non-digital age as in 1930s. These forms predominantly rely upon repetitive geometry to achieve structural stability. The latter(prenominal) is a product of digitally generated form with the geometry that changes with its height. This is precisely controlled with computed calculations. The desig n of the digitally evolved form is more complex geometry and depends primarily upon its form for its structural stability rather than its mass. The present essay discusses the use of computer technology in some of the advanced buildings designed by Foster and Associates. The digital architecture

Is ethnic conflict the most important cause of civil wars Essay

Is pagan conflict the most important cause of civil wars - Essay ExampleAll governments in the macrocosm attempt to attain and maintain a monopoly over organized violence within its borders. When they lose the monopoly to the military issue of a rebel group, a civil war erupts. Reducing global incidence of civil wars is exceedingly feasible and is hugely valuable to transnational peace and stability in the globe.All in all, ethnic difference has been quoted by m whatever as the most important cause of many civil wars being experienced around the globe. To Collier, P & Hoeffler, A (2005), civil wars are now more common compared to international conflict. concord to them, of the 15 main armed conflicts which are listed by the Stockholm International Peace look into Institute (SIPRI) for 2001, majority are internal conflicts which can be categorized as civil wars.To come out with, unequal distribution of government resources forces people to come together once they notice that , the distribution is through with(p) in the lines of ethnicity. A saying goes that, if in a seat of power, you should always do well and curiously to your tribes men. To Fearon, J. et al. (2006), this is a negative score if a country is to hand the required cohesion among the tribes if it is to achieve any thing higher. The neglected tribes often come up to attack the ruling elites together with the tribes were they come from. According to Fearon, J. et al. (2006), this is the starting point. Also, government positions are allocated to the politically correct individuals from the tribe of the ruling class. This practice of segregating some individuals collect to his/her tribe leads to civil war in many instances.Further, in countries which were colonized by foreign powers, the beginning citizen to rule that country determines the future of the country. When a person ascends to power and starts rewarding his/her ethnic group then(prenominal) a problem crops up. For example in K enya after the general elections last year, an internal conflict ensued which could have deteriorated into a civil war

Controversial Behavioral Management Techniques for ADHD Research Paper

Controversial Behavioral Management Techniques for ADHD - Research account ExampleThis essay stresses that there are those who think that it is merely a label that justifies the unruly appearance of savants who need more rigorous discipline. Within the educational perspective, teachers keep on looking for correct companionship about ADHD that will help them create classroom management techniques that are effective for students with this condition. just about of ADHD diagnoses come from teachers observations, and several of the symptoms of the condition oblige teachers to give a diagnosis, such as the electric razor often fails to give close attention to details or make careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities.This paper makes a conclusion that when children with ADHD go to school, they are affected by the teachers regularity or techniques, as nearly as the schools viewpoint about appearanceal management. It is widely recognized that ADHD rarely arises alo ne it is frequently complemented by comorbid disorders, like learning disabilities or oppositional obstreperous disorder. Sooner or later, this sort could result in deviant behavioral patterns. In numerous instances, the decrepit behavior is simply petulant or possibly makes the teacher annoyed. The initial idea could be Ive got to punish this behavior to point it. This is where controversial behavioral management techniques for ADHD come in. The first is collective punishment or somatogenetic punishment. This technique does lead to inhibition of a problematic behavior, but it does non eliminate it. ... When children with ADHD go to school, they are affected by the teachers method or techniques, as well as the schools viewpoint about behavioral management. It is widely recognized that ADHD seldom arises alone it is frequently complemented by comorbid disorders, like learning disabilities or oppositional defiant disorder. Sooner or later, this behavior could result in deviant behavioral patterns (Hornby et al., 2013). In numerous instances, the delinquent behavior is simply bothersome or possibly makes the teacher annoyed. The initial idea could be Ive got to punish this behavior to stop it (Flick, 2010, 101). This is where controversial behavioral management techniques for ADHD come in. The first is corporal punishment or physical punishment. This technique does lead to inhibition of a problematic behavior, but it does not eliminate it. The student discontinues the behavior but relapses to it eventually. The punishing teacher actually embodies the behavior s/he wants to get rid of. The student gets the message that physical punishment is an effective way of coping with problems such as this (Flick, 2010). It is also necessary to mention that corporal punishment is normally used long after the student shows the problematic behavior. The of import point is it is unwise to exercise corporal punishment in school. Simply put, it is completely unsuccessful in managing behavior issues, and it is useless with ADHD. Studies report detrimental consequences of exercising physical punishment (Southall, 2007). A particular sheath of punishment less harsh than corporal punishment is the verbal scolding. This implies that the student is verbally reprimanded for showing unconventional

Review the impact of Belbin's team roles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Review the impact of Belbins group roles - Essay grammatical caseIn the healthcare setup, groups deport various functions and they play a pivotal role in the succeeder of that given organisation. As such, this essay seeks to critically analyse the impact of Belbins team roles on the future(a) areas conflict management, leadership styles and decision making with reference to the attached case get a line. The essay will fetch by explaining the meaning of teamwork as well as outlining Belbins team roles and how they brook be use to the given case study in relation to assorted areas mentioned above. disparate approaches to team roles Basically, a team is a group of people that has been formed to work together in common, cooperative action towards the motion of an outcome and for the benefit of the group rather than for idiosyncratic benefit (Schultz, 2005). The goal of teamwork is synergy whereby the sum of the individual efforts in the team is greater than the sum of the in dividual inputs. Thus, teams have different needs, and members should be selected for a team on the basis of their personalities, skills and preferences (Robbins, 2003). Effective teams match people to various roles and these refer to patterns of behaviour attributed to a team member in a specific position in the team. Roles play a part in task building and relationship building towards the attainment of the set organisational goals. Dr R Meredith Belbin, a world illustrious guru on team building identified eight distinct roles that people in teams play and it can be famous that people can and often do assume more than one of these roles (Henry & Stevens, 1990). Different roles that people play in teams include the following chairman, plant, resource investigator, shaper, monitor/evaluator, company worker, team worker and completer/finisher. These different roles are going to be used in relation to the given case study in the discussion below. Situation analysis In the given case study, it can be noted that it involves inter professional working and tensiones on the potential difficulties in achieving effective working relationships between practitioners from different professions with regards to a family that is negatively impacted by the abuse of drugs. Mary Brown has a habit of abusing drugs as well as alcohol and George Smith, the boyfriend is also a drug addict. The children, Joe, Lucy and Tom also have very bad behaviour as a result of their background as well as abuse of the drugs. In other words, this calls for concerted efforts by practitioners from different professions in pitch to meaningfully helper this family. The professionals involved in this case are Mark, the drug counselor, Ann, the social worker, Iva, the police, Iknowa the teacher and Imean the welfare officer. However, it appears that there is no mutual understanding among these professionals about the appropriate action that can be taken in order to effectively assist this family g iven that communication is not very effective. As such, this discussion is going to focus on the impact of Belbins team roles with regards to the case involving health and social care. Conflict management In any given organisation, it can be noted that conflict is regarded as a natural phenomenon, which is infallible though it can be solved depending on the

Heart and Lungs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Heart and Lungs - undertake Examplelung is a respiratory organ that carries oxygen into the declivitystream from the atmosphere and frees carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. It is a vital organ that most breathing animals posses. Each of the lungs is situated in either side of the tenderness close to the spinal column. This is the case among animals with complex life forms such as mammals.The center field and lungs should operate expeditiously to ensure enough oxygen reaches the organs. This forms the vascular and the respiratory systems. The lungs hold the air that is taken from the environment beforehand releasing it into the blood. Thereafter, the heart circulates the blood into the entire body. The oxygenated blood flows to the body from the lungs as the deoxygenated blood flows from the body into the lungs (Scharf, Pinsky, & Madger, 2011).The solely process commences at the heart that has the two atria and ventricles. The veins in the right atrium and ventricle receive blood. Concurrently, the deoxygenated blood flows into the heart through the right atrium. The relaxation of the heart muscle then causes the release of blood into the right ventricle from the atrium. Consequently, right ventricle pushes the blood into the Pulmonary Artery via the Pulmonary Valve (Batzel, Kappel, Schneditz, & Tran, 2007). The pulmonary artery then delivers the blood to the lungs where it undergoes purification. After the purification, the oxygenated blood rescinds to the heart through the Left Atrium (Batzel, Kappel, Schneditz, & Tran, 2007). The heart muscles relax again causing the left(a) atrium to send the blood in to the left ventricle. In the end, the heart pushes the blood out delivering it to the entire body.The lungs atomic number 18 the sites of respiratory gas exchange. These gases are oxygen and carbon dioxide. The bronchioles and alveoli deliver blood into the lungs. The bronchioles split from the trachea extending to the lobes of t he lungs. It is implicit in(p) to notice that the alveoli are tiny sacs surrounded

2014 Current Events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

2014 Current Events - Essay ExampleThis article in the Washington Post is ab out(p)(predicate) a Syrian warplane that bombed a school in Syria. This occurred in the north of Aleppo. This school had students and teachers, who were carrying out their normal activities. This bombing has been linked to the ongoing fight betwixt the government and the opposition. Other sources however form of address that the bombing was as an accidental. The bombing claimed the lives of 10 children and 9 adults.According to the article, the bombing is an indirect consequences of war between the government of Syria and the rebels. The war has been taking place for two years and there is no sign of stopping. onslaught cases redeem been on a drastic increase in the recent years in Syria. Planes retain dropping bombs aimlessly killing innocent civilians and leaving others in serious injuries. There are far-flung fears that more lifes shall be lost if this continues. Because of such attacks, many people in Syria have been rendered homeless and have never felt the sense of security.The main activities like learning, trading and other activities that word the economy have been adversely affected as well. Many people have also been laboured to seek refuge in the foreign countries and they are subjected to hardship. According to this article, 100,000s of people have been killed during this war oddly women and defenseless children. The war is still going on and the number will rise to even jillion if this does not stop. Although the level of fighting has reduced, people are still killed. The war has given terrorist a take place to develop as they have come from other parts of the country to take part in the war.Syria is using the remaining chemical weapons according to US officials (http//www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-officials-say-syria-is-using-remaining-chemical-weapons-stockpile-as-leverage/2014/04/30/1dd68c8a-d0a8-11e3-9e25-)A month large effort to disarm Syrias chemical weapons 27 tons of sarin precursor, it has

Cost Accounting and Management Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cost Accounting and Management Decisions - analyse ExampleCompany Description Alcoa is an American manufacturing makeup which deals in producing primary aluminium and fabricated aluminium. Further more than, the administration is also known as one of the biggest drillers of bauxite and refiner of alumina in an international context. The primary products of Alcoa are divided into two major categories which are aluminium products and non-aluminium products. Aluminium products of Alcoa comprise alumina, primary metals, flat-rolled products and engineered products and solutions. On the other hand, non-aluminium products of Alcoa take on industrial fastenings, precision casting and aerospace products (Alcoa Inc, 2013). Impact of Changes in the Variable Cost / Fixed Cost building of Alcoa on Cost- Volume Profit Analysis Decisions by Managers Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) abridgment is often argued to assist in taking decisions about business operations for any manufacturing organisation . It is applied as a method of inspecting the link in the midst of set(p) and inconstant expenses with respect to number of manufacturing units and related profits. In order to use the CVP analysis, there is quest for analysing the business operations obtaining an unambiguous understanding of fixed expenses incurred by the business in comparison to covariant expenses. in that respectfore, any kind of changes in the fixed expense and variable expenses can impact on CVP analysis and product manufacturing decisions of a particular business like Alcoa. For instance, through CVP analysis, Alcoa can determine the cost of its products more accurately than the traditional method. As a CVP analysis develops a clear understanding of the fixed and variable costs incurred by a manufacturing firm, accountants and managers are likely to gain better control on the original costs of any product comprising certain fixed and variable components. With a better control on the total cost, these c omponents can be use in order to clarify variations in product cost as well as variations in expenses. As the number of quantity produced increases, per unit variable and fixed expenses are quite likely to decrease to a certain extent. Hence, per unit expenses will also press with respect to a decline in fixed and variable expenses rewarding the company with greater chance to serve its customers either with increased supply quantity or at a competitive set maintaining its profitability. Stating precisely, by understanding the fixed and variable expenses structure of Alcoa, the managers of the organisation can determine the level to which minimization of prices of products would not compromise the profit gain per unit (Wiley, 2004). Analysis of the Current Cost System of Alcoa There are two major types of costing system which can be used by an organisation namely traditional costing system and Activity Based Costing ( rudiment) system. In this context, it has been observed that Alcoa uses the ABC costing system in its business operations for determining the cost of products as well as for framing its budgeting strategies (Krishnan, 2006). ABC system divides every manufacturing activity explicitly and determines the portion of overhead expenses which are used for manufacturing one unit of a product. Contextually, the ABC system makes possible for Alcoa to establish more comprehensive grind management structures. With an apparent view of cost of products grounded on ABC system, the managers of Alcoa are